1806.] Literary and Philofophical Intelligence. 



373 



Jaine? Mac'.ntofli, an i others, he found 

 tliai thopovoroi tlic voice was jn exact 

 proportion u) tie (^uaiuy otnir inhaled, 

 and therefore to the oxygenation of the 

 mufel; sot Vx iaryux. 



Rl/. Taumon, of the Finfbury Dif- 

 peufaiy, has Ijtely perforincti tlie opera- 

 tion on t'.vu poor perfoiis for the femora! 

 henna, with couipleto fuccefs. With a 

 truly piiiianiliropic fpirit, he a])peal.s to 

 the public, paicieuiarly to the inanageis 

 of all charitable iiiltitutions, upon the ue- 

 ceiiity of lupplynig the poor with tiuii'es, 

 by v^inch very uiaiiv lives would be favcd, 

 and , auifiil operations be pi evented. 



Mr. 11. L. LDGEWonrii has invented a 

 new odoinetcr for a carriage, which he 

 conceives is moie limile, and lefs liable 

 to be out of order, than tliofe comnioiiiy 

 ufed. It ill ty be eaiily attaciied to the 

 uxle of any carriage. 



Mr. Ai'inuR Young, the father of 

 agricultural Jcieiice in Eiiglaud, after ma- 

 ny expeiunents and oblervations on the 

 fuuject, atiinns that foa-liilt acts as a very 

 poiveriui inaiiure, efpecially when added 

 to dung. He fays alfo, that very conh- 

 derabie benefit has been found from the 

 application of Iba-water to vegetables, 

 aiid that, when mixed with dung orcom- 

 poft dunghills, it pnH.'ffes afeptic power 

 that promotes puliefaCtion. 



Mr. Logan has made many experi- 

 ments on gyplum, with a view to afccr- 

 tain its qualities, and the differences be- 

 tween the American gypfum and that fouud 

 in Ikiiope. His conclufions are, l.That 

 there is no ditfereiice between European 

 and American gy|)fuiii. 2. That it ads 

 as an innncdiate manure to grafs, and af- 

 terwards in an equal degree to grain. 3. 

 That one diefiing will continue in force 

 fevorul fucceeding crops. 4. That it d<es 

 not produce any remarivablc eliects ufed 

 as a top-dreHing for grain. 5. And that 

 on Itiff clay foilsi it will produce an in- 

 creafe of vegetation, but not furticient to 

 pay the cx'-ence of the maiiuve. The 

 quantity per acre fhould be fix bufhels. 



J'Vom other expeiimonts of l\Ir. Yolng, 

 charcoal is found to be a good manure 

 for vegetables; bu't nothing in compa- 

 rifoii to hydrogen gas, from iron iiliiigs, 

 and dilute fulphuric acid thrown n|) to 

 the roots every day. In both cales the 

 principle is tl.e fame; for char.;uul de- 

 compofcs the water, imbibing tfie oxy- 

 gen, and giving out ilic hydrogen for the 

 nburiihment uf th:' plants. 

 Ruffiu. 



A periodic,'! w(nk, puhllflied by M. 

 fiioucii, and ti. tilled^ Ruflia under Alex- 



anJer I. furuiflies the following particu- 

 laiS : — h\ the German provinces of tha 

 Rulfian empire there are at prefent fix 

 printing eltahlilhments, three of which 

 are in the government of Livonia, onu 

 in Courland, aiid two in Ellhonia. Thefo 

 are, 1. The print:ing-houfe of the univer- 

 iity of Dorpat, cllablilhed in 1789 by M. 

 Gcnzius, who, in 18U2, had the title of 

 printer to the univeriity. Ever fince its 

 eitablilhment, a political gazette has 

 been printed there. — 2. The printing- 

 houfe of the crown and city nttlliga, eC- 

 t«bliihed as early as 1022 It has ahvays 

 enjoyed the privilege of printing all the 

 church and fchool-books for that city ; 

 it may be conhdered as the mother of all 

 the foreian printing-houfes in Ruffia. 

 Since the year 178.3 it has belonged ta 

 Mr. .1. D. K Midler.— 3. The fame city 

 Contains another printing-houfe, belong- 

 ing to M. Hiicker, eltabhihed in 1777. — 

 4. The printing-houfe of the government 

 of i\littau, whei-e there was probably one 

 fo liir back as 1584. It is only of late 

 years that it has become ilourilhing un- 

 der the direttion of J\I. SteJVenh-.igen, who 

 has confened fignal benefit on his country 

 by circulathig in it many excellent Ger- 

 man and Lithuanian works. — 5. The 

 prmtiiig-otiice of the tow-n and gpnnafium 

 of Reval, founded while the country be- 

 longed to Sweden. Its proprietor is M. 

 Minuth, who publi'lies the only newfpaper 

 that appears at Reval. — 0. Greflel's print- 

 ing-olhce, efcal.lilhed in the fame town in 

 1802. — .'Ul theie houfes, efpecially that 

 of ivlittau, are furniflied with a great 

 quantity of types. 



Sueden. 

 M. E«MARK, a learned mincralogift, 

 and formerly the pupil of the celebrated 

 Werner, has lately difcovered, at Aran- 

 dal in Norway, a new mineral, of which 

 he has made a dillincl fpccies, under tlie 

 name Dato/it/ic. ?.I. Klaproth has ana- 

 lyfed this' mineral, and found it to be 

 compofed of 



Silica - - - .'iG'S 



Lime - - - S5'5 



Boracic acid - 24- 



Water - - 4 

 Ilencc, it appears to be a cerate of lime 

 mixed, perhaps arcidc:. tally, with iilica. - 

 It is ()' a wliite col'iui-, more or icfs ting- 

 ed with green. It is f >iuid in fucli large 

 mail'es as to I.e conlidc^i d -i rock, and in 

 crylia^s of tlie jhape of redangular prif^us. 

 Its fva<-.turcdv)es not exhibit a lamell led • 

 tcxti.re : it is imperfectly roiicho did, ■ 

 with fmall ..ii\!ties, and of an oily lultre. 

 Some maiTe»ia'e coiupofed of luri,^ ^rriins 

 adiiei:>'g 



