22 
pline of whip and the Jash, and the cruel 
sports of bull-bating, cock-fighting, and 
man-bruising, we shall not see the re- 
formation of manners go on with much 
tapidity ; but let not this consideration 
deter us from using all our endeavours, 
however humble they may he, in endea- 
vouring to convince mankind of these 
palpable mistakes, and prevent them 
passing without some amelioration at 
keast, from generation to generation. 
Your's, &c Pes 
Ipswich, Fuly 15, 1868. 
——e—— 
ACCOUNT Of RECENT TRAVELS a” SPAIN, 
in which particular aTTENTIUN was 
paid to the awrrqurties of that coun- 
TRyY.—Continued from p. 20, vol. 25. + 
: PRINCIPAL evidence of the im- 
«A portance of Clunia, under the Ro- 
guans, is the theatre, of which very re- 
markable vestiges still remain, Advantage 
had been taken of a natural recess, on 
the northeastern slope of the hill on 
which the town stood, to scoop out a 
seinicircalar theatre, whose diameter in 
the open space or orchestra is 287 Eng- 
Kish feet, and its radius 118% feet. The 
semicircle for the spectators is divided 
by five concentric and horizontal precinc- 
ézones or passages, about 54 fect broad, 
into six ranges of three seats each, the 
seat being 22 inches in height and breadth, 
so that the whole horizontal breadth of 
the plan for spectators, was about 60 feet; 
consequently the diameter of the whole 
theatre about 357. Besides these five 
semireircular passages, at ‘each end of 
“the semicircle is a stair, and nine others 
in the circular interval, communicating 
from the upper to the Jower seats, and 
formed of steps about 11 inches high and 
broad. aig 
The whole of these seats, passages, and 
stairs being excavated in the solid roek, 
and the theatre being accessible as well 
from the ground behind/the upper row 
of seats, as from the orchestra below, no 
vomitoriesy or stairs and passages from 
Aehind, to convey the spectators to their 
several places in the theatre, were either’ 
necessary or practicable; and according- 
ly no traces of such parts of the edifice 
are to be discovered. The depth down 
from the bottom of the lower row of seats, 
to the floor of the orchestra, which has 
likewise been dug out of the rock, is 
about 8 feet; and the floor slopes gently 
away from the seats, for about 147 fect, 
that is, 283 feet beyond a diameter join- 
ing the two ends of the semicircle, to a 
wall which formed the scena, and separa-. 
: 
Account of recent Travels in Spain. 
[Aug. I,” 
ted the orchestra and stage from the apart- 
ments on the outside, destined for the ac- 
commodation of theactors; of which apart- 
ments the walls may still be traced. This 
wall, which has been ornamented with pi- 
lasters, extends parallel to che diameter of 
the theatre, about 182 feet, and therefore 
falls short of the diameter of the orchestra 
by 271 feet at each end. The wall is 
composed of stone and lime, being about 
4% feet thick, and in general about 12 
feet high: at each end is a wall running in 
7 or 8 feet, towards the theatre.” In the 
middle wall are three doors, the.centre 
one being 28 feet wide, and the two 
others 14 feet wide each. From the frag~ 
ments ou the ground it appears that the 
two side doors have been arched; but: 
the centre door seems to have been either 
open above, or covered only with long 
beams. Such are the remains of the an- 
tient Clunia, once the capital of a district, 
and the seat of a conventus juridicus, or 
court of justice, (in the provineia Tarra- 
conensis) whose limits extended over a 
tract of country reaching from the coast 
of the Bay of Biscay to the Southward, 
180 miles, and from west to east, 195 
miles. ‘ 
Soria being situated towards the north- 
ern extremity of the celebrated sheep- 
walks of Spain,an accident brought me an 
instance of the well-known sagacity of the 
sheep-dogs of that country. 1 badmade 
an excursion, alone and on foot, across the 
fields, which ave entirely uninclosed, to 
a hill a couple of miles off, to procure a 
view of the environs; and on my return 
after sun-sét, J discovered near the foot 
of the hill, as if there had been a circular 
fall of snow on the ground, and a light 
glimmering in the centre. This appear- 
ance drew me towards the spot; but long 
before I reached it, I found close to my 
side one of the large mountain sheep-* 
dogs, who, in going,pis rounds had dis- 
covered me, and was resolved. to see 
what my purpose was, in approaching the 
flock; for the whitish appearance was 
produced by a large flock of sheep, already 
Gn the beginning of September) assei- 
bled and preparing to set out on their 
annual progress, to pass the winter in the 
southern provinces. These flocks are un- 
der the management of two, three, or 
four shepherds, according to the number 
of sheep, who are furnished with small 
mules or asses to carry their tent utensils 
and other necessaries, In the day-time 
the sheep spread over the open grounds, 
but are constantly in motion to the south- 
ward, the shepherds with their asses and» 
baggage 
