pols 
ay Pee ‘ 
1508. 
3 4 - . 
- tude at Cape Hatteras, in about 75° 
50’ west froin Greenwich,- this common- 
wealth extends to avout 84° at the west- 
ernmost part of its supposed junction 
with Tennessee, beyond the Iron, Bald, 
Walnut, and Smoaky Mountains, in which 
the territorial line is ‘not fully ascertain- 
ed. ‘The civil divisions into counties 
are distiuictly marked; and the roads, 
rivers, towns, places of public worship, 
villas, hills, and swamps, are so minutely 
laid down, that it may be deservedly 
ranked among the most instructive pub- 
lications of this class : 
The Rev. Dr. Manison, president of 
William and Mary College, during the 
year 1807, laid before the public his 
Map of the state ol Virginia, upon which 
he has been many years engaged. It 
includes the whole dominion from the 
North Carolina anc! Tennessee boundary, 
in 36° 30’ to the irregular line which se- 
| parates it from Maryland, Pennsylvania, 
_ Ohio, and Kentucky. ‘The longitude in 
this map, 
SIX, is re 
~ Washington. — : 
~ ._A fish called by the Spaniards the cur- 
7 binata, the largest of which does not 
7 Weigh more than two pounds, abounds 
~ an the river Oronoko, in South America. 
* Tt is of an excellent flavour, but it is Jess 
_ @ppreciated for its nutritive quality than 
_ for two stones lodged in the head, in the 
f ita which the brain ought to occupy. 
% hey have each the shape of an almond 
Without the shell, and the brilliant colour 
of mother of pearl, These stones are 
bought for their weight in gold, om ac- 
‘Count of their specific virtue against a 
_ fetention of urine. It is sufficient to 
_ take three. grains finely powdered in a 
_- Spoonful of wine or water, to cause an 
+ wstant discharge; but_too large a dose, 
relaxes the muscles and occasions an ina- 
bility of retenticn, y rere, bimes 
EAST INDIES. f 
~ 
ned from’ the capitol at 
‘the insides of palaces in some parts of 
India, are ex ly imgenious, To all 
| @ppearance, much gilding is used in the 
Ornaments of these structures, but in 
agi nota grain of gold is employed. 
_ £9 produce this eifect a false gilding is 
: on paper, which is, cut mto- the 
of flowers, and pasted on the 
Walis or columns. ‘Lhe interstices are 
filied up with oil-colours. The talse gil- 
_ ded paper is thus prepared :—Any quan- 
"tity of Icad is taken and beaten witha 
ammer into Jeaves as thin’ as possible, 
To twenty-four parts of these leaves are 
2 
Literary and Philosophical Intelligence. 
aye. is about four feet by» 
t 2 
__ The processes employed for finishing 
159 
added, three parts of English glue dis 
solved in water; and they are beaten up 
together with a hammer, till they are 
thoroughly united; which requires the 
labour of two persons for a whole day. 
The mass is then cut iato small cakes 
and. dried in the shade. These cakes 
can at any time be dissolved in water, 
and spread thin on common writing-pa= 
per with a hair brush, Phe paper when 
dry, must be put on a stnooth plank, 
and he rubbed with a polished stone, till 
it acquires’a complete metallic lustre, 
The edges of the paper are then pasted 
down upon the board, and the surface is 
rubbed with the palm of the hand, sinear. 
ed with an oily mixture called gurna, and 
then exposed to the sun. Qo the tullow- 
ing days, the same operation is repeated, 
when the, paper acquires a metallic yel- 
low lustre, which, however, more resem= 
bles the colour of brass than that of guld. 
The gurna is a mixture of linseed oil, 
the milky juree of the ficus gloncrata, or 
that of another speeies of ficus, called 
gont, which juice the natives call chun- 
derasu; and of aloes prepared-in the 
country, and called musambra.~ Eigh- 
teen pounds of the linseed oil are boiled 
two hours, in a brass pot; six pounds of 
the aloes bruised are then added, and 
the whole is boiled four hours more. In- 
to another pot, heated red hot, twelve 
pounds of the chunderusu is put, where 
it immediately melts: into ’a third pot 
the mixture of oil and musambra is to be 
strained through’a cloth. These must 
be kept ina gentle heat, and the chundes, 
rusu be ywradually added te them. The 
oil mast be again strained and then it is 
fit for use. The oil for painting consists 
,Of two parts of linseed and one part of 
Wiiiidcras:: In white-washing their 
walls over the lime plaster, the workmen 
of Seringapatam first give a thin coat of 
fine clay, which is mixed with size and 
laid on with a hair brush.. They next 
give a whitening of pewdered balapam, 
vr pot-stone, and then finish with a coat 
of eight parts of abracum, or mica, one 
part of powdered pot-stone and one of 
size. The abvacum is prepared from 
white mica by repeated grndings, the 
finer particles being removed for use by 
washing them from the coarser parts, 
A wall finished in this manner, shines 
like the scales of a fish, and when the 
room is lighted up at night, bas a splen- 
did appearance: but in the day, a wall 
washed with powdered pot-stone alone 
looks’ better, than when washed with 
€ither quick-lime or mica. ; 
ABSTRACTS 
i 
