; 1808.} ) 
ted a very useful instrument for ascer- 
taining the quantity of saccharine matter 
in unfermented wine, and showing how to 
extract it. This instrument called an 
enometer, has been examined by the aca- 
demy of Scierices at Naples, who were 
satisfied that it fully answered the pur- 
poses for which it was intended. 
~ Ih consequence of part of a mountain 
having suddenly given way, the lake 
formed by the Adda, inthe valley of Fe- 
Tino, not far from Milan, overflowed its 
banks. The inundation lasted more than 
twelve hours, sweeping away several 
stone bridges, and all the produce of the 
fruitful plains in the neighbourhood of 
Ferino. 
AMERICA. 
Mr. E. A. Kenpac has in the press, 
Travels in “Lower and Upper Canada. 
The work, which will be illustrated with 
plates, is expected to form one volume 
quarto, and will be published in England 
about the time of its appearance in Ame- 
rica. 
There is also in the press at New 
York, the Natural, Civil, and Political 
History of Chili, translated from the 
Italian of the Abbé Molina, with notes 
from the Spanish and French versions, 
and a copious appendix, consisting of a 
‘translation into English heroic verse, of 
the most striking and interesting »passa- 
ges inthe celebrated Spanish epic poem 
“‘The Araucana,” by Don Alonzo Er- 
-cilla. It will form two octavo volumes, 
Aliustrated with a map of the country. 
This work has obtained high reputation. 
‘Theauthor, a native of Chili, and for a 
long time resident in that country, is 
eminently distinguished as a writer, and 
a natural philosopher. Whether consi- 
dered in relation to its natural produc- 
‘tions, or its civil and military transac- 
‘tions, Chili ‘affords an interesting sub- 
ject for the historian. Blessed with a 
most salubrious and delightful climate, 
with a soil wé=derfully fertile, and 
sadapted to the productions of almost 
every country, rich in mines of gold and 
ssilver ; it offers to the naturalist a wide 
field of curious reseatch, To the moral 
philosopher it also furnishes a subject 
-sull more interesting from the character 
of its original inhabitants, the brave and 
hardy Araucanians. Their gallant and 
*successtul resistance to the best disci- 
-plined troops of Spain, then in the mer- 
edian of her military glory, and their firm 
support of their national independence, 
eeshibit a picture novel, highly impressive, 
Moxtuty Mas., No, 177. 
Literary and Philosophical Intelligence. 
367 
and strongly contrasted with that of the 
other American nations. This work 
will also be reprinted in England. 
A new volcano has made its appear- 
ance in one of the Azore islands. An 
interesting account of it is given in the 
following letter from the American Coh- 
sul at Fayal, to a friend at St. Michael’s, 
dated June 25th, 1808 :— - 
«6 A phenomenon has occurred here, not 
unusual in former ages, but of which there 
has been no example of late years; it was 
well calculated to inspire terror, and has beea 
attended with the destruction of lives and 
property. On Sunday, the 1st of “May, at 
one p. m. walking in the balcony of my house 
at St. Antonio, I heard noises like the re- 
port of heavy cannon at a distance, and con 
cluded there was some sea engagement in the 
vicinity of the island. But soon after, cast= 
ing my eyes towards the island of St. George’ss 
ten leagues distant, I perceived a dense co- 
lumn of smoke rising to an immense height 5 
it was soon judged that a volcano had burst 
out about the centre of that island, and this 
was rendered certain when night came on, 
the fire exhibiting an awful appearance. Be- 
ing desirous of viewing this’ wonderful exer- 
tion of nature, 1 embarked on the Sd of May, 
accompanied by the British consul, and ten 
other gentlemen, for St. George’s; we ram 
over in five hours, and arrived at Vellas, the 
principal town, at eleven a.m. We found 
the poor inhabitants perfectly panic-struck, 
and wholly given up to religious ceremonies 
and devotion. We learned that the fire of 
the 1st of May had broken out ina ditch, in 
the midst. of fertile pastures, three leagues 
S.E. of Vellas, and had immediately formed 
a crater, in size about twenty-fouracres. In 
two days it had thrown out cinders or small 
pumice stones, that a strong N.E. wind had 
propelled southerly ; and which, independent 
of the mass accumulated round the crater, 
had covered the earth from one foot to four 
feet in depth, half a league in width, and 
three leagues in length; then passing the 
channel five leagues, had done some injury to 
the east point of Pico. The fire of this large 
crater had nearly subsided, but in the even- 
ing preceding our arrival, another small crater 
had opened, one league north of the large 
one, and only two leagues from Vellas. Af 
ter taking some refreshment, we visited the 
second crater; the suiphureous smoke of> 
which, driven southerly, rendered it imprac- 
ticable to attempt approaching the large one. 
When we came within a mile of the crater, 
we found the earth rent in every direction ; 
and, as we approached nearer, some of the | 
chasms were six feet wide; by leaping over 
some of these chasms, and making windings 
to avoid the larger ones, we at length arrived 
within two hundred yards of the spot; aiid 
saw it, in the middle of a pasture, distinctly, 
at intervals, when the thick smoke which 
3-A Swept 
