462 
moveable in the airection of the rod, 
for the purpose of ascertaining the length 
of the nail; and both studs are adjnst- 
able in the cross direction of the rod, so 
that the obliquity of the cut, aceording to 
the kind of nail to be made, is thereby 
determined, as well as the length of the 
nail. This is called the first operation. 
. The second operation is to anneal the 
pieces so cut off, if the iron should not 
be sutliciently malleable, which is done 
the usual and well-known manner. 
The third operation is that of heading, 
which for clasp-head nails consis!s of two 
parts, one for gathering, and the other 
for forming the head of the nail. The 
first part of this Operation is performed 
by putting-a piece cut off the rod of iron, 
as before described, into a pair of clams, 
leaving as inuch of the thick end pro- 
jecting above the clams as is sufficient to 
torm the head. These clams have steel 
bits let iato them with sharp edges, 
which press only against the two oppo- 
site: sules of the piece,,and which have 
the effect of two chisels when the punch 
of the press is brought down upon the 
piece with considerable force, and raise 
or gather up ion on each side towareds 
forming the head. The second part of 
this. operation is to put the piece thus 
prepared into. another pair of clams, 
having bits formed to correspond to the 
under side of the head; and the-punch, 
having the impression of the upper side 
of the lead engraved or sunk into it, is 
brought to press strongly upon the head 
in the clams, and thereby the clasp-head 
is properly formed, 
* For nails intended to have rose-heads, 
or any other kind of heads, except clasp- 
heads, the first part of this operation is 
not absolutely necessary, but the bits, 
which for clasp-nails must have sharp 
edges, must for the other kind of nails 
have blunt edges, to prevent the under- 
eutting. For the second part of this ope- 
yation, the piece is put either into a pair 
of clams, or into the tool commonly 
ealled a bore, and then pressed with 
punghes, properly engraved or sunk, ac- 
cording to the kind of head wanted. By 
the first operation, the piece cut off the 
rod of iron is formed something like a 
mortise-chisel ; the fourth operation is 
to.point it, which is done by putting the 
piece into a bed of steel, in which is cut 
a nick or grooye, having parallel sides, but 
the bottem rising towards the end where 
the point of the nail is to be formed. 
The punch is shewn in the. specification, 
and the erd which presses upon the 
peint of the nail is made to pzaject far- 
New Patents lately enrolled. 
[Dec. 1} 
ther than the other part, ‘so as to meet 
the corresponding part of the bed when 
the punch is brought upon the nail. The 
groove, or nick in the bed’should be just 
wide enough to receive the piece easily, 
but prevent it from twisting when the 
impression is made. ‘he piece is *put 
twice into the nick; once with the chisel, 
end lying horizontal, and next turned a 
quarter round, to press the chisel edge 
into a pointed form. If the’ nails, by 
the strong pressure which is necessary in 
tifis operation, should become too hard 
to clench, they anneal them in the’ or- 
dinary way, which may be called the 
fifth operation, The third, fourth, and 
fifth operations above described are ap- 
plied to’nails, or pieces cut off from sheet 
or rolled iron in the ordinary way; but 
as they, in consequence of the fifth ope- 
ration, which is necessary to give them 
the quality of clenching, are apt to be 
too softto drive well, a sixth operation 
is applied, viz. quenching them, when red 
hot, in water or other proper fluid, which 
gives ther stiffness enoagh to drive with 
out destroying the quality of clenching, 
Figures attached to~ the specification 
show (1.) A pair of clams, with bits or dies 
let into them, which can be'renewed from 
time to time with more ease, and at less 
expence, than by the usual method. 
These hits are proper for the first part of 
the third operation. (2.) A pair of bits, 
or dies, proper for making either roses 
heads or flat heads. (3.) A pair of bits, 
or-dies, proper for the second part of the 
third operation for clasp-head nails. (4.) 
A view of the common. screw-press, in 
which is shown the side-pin, or screw, 
by which the clams’are firmly pressed 
together at the time the punch is pressed 
down upon the nail. This pin, or screw, 
is generally worked by the foot, by means” 
of the lever connected with a treadle,: 
while the hand applies its force to the 
handle of the fly; but to the head of the 
main screw is fixed a portion of a pully, 
(or awhole one), to which is attached a 
rope, chain, belt, or other connecting 
pliable material, which flying round the 
edge of another pully fixed to the frame 
of the press, and standing vertically de- 
scends, and is attached to the movea- 
ble end of the treadle 3’ and on this trea- 
dle is placed a weight, heavy enough to 
press the clams together with suflicient 
force. By means of the latter described 
machinery, whicli is the only part claim> 
ed by the patentees as their invention’ 
the operation of pressing is performed by 
the action of the hand only; and is found 
very convenient, 
VARIETIES, 
