542 Fibres of Bean-stalks, and other Substidutes for [Jan. tj ° 
Gueth in Guetholing; Gu was” pro- 
nounced W; and hence Weth, Wed, 
With, Wid, Wit, Whit, Wath, Wad, Wat, 
are found in the composition of numerous 
names, and imply Ridee. 
Having thus far explained the original 
word, I will just hint that I see no reason 
to suppose that Guethelingu, or Guethe- 
ling, is so formed, as.to imply the Lrish- 
men’s road; but I may in this be mis- 
taken; and I will leave the reader to form 
his own opinion from more mature exa- 
mination, whilst 1 proceed further to il- 
lustrate my subject. 
The name of a parish, in Devon, is 
Whitstone. A hill, which gave naine to 
this district, is named Wauddledon, or Wa- 
daldon Hill, Wad, in this name became 
from time Whit; and Don Stone. Wa- 
daldon, from Wad, a ridge, al high, and 
Don land implies the high-Ridge-Land ; 
and Whitstone the Ridge-Liand ; and the 
parish lies on a long, high, and steep 
Ridge. 
We have nowscen that Wad and Whit, 
as before asserted, imply Ridge, in the 
Ridge of Whitstone; and as Wad and 
Wat are the same in the composition of 
wames; we shall lastly prave, that Wat 
means Ridge in Watlington, in Oxford- 
shires The Ikening, and not the Wat- 
ling-street, runs through this parish. It 
cannot therefore take its name from the 
road to Ireland; but it takes its name 
from the parish being situated on the 
sides of the Chiltern Hills. Wat there- 
fore means the Ridge; Ling is derived as 
before-mentioned, and Ton implies Set- 
tlement, Lot, or Portion, which I appre- 
hend it means in many other names. 
' The reader will now conceive that I 
have fully proved what I undertook; but 
having shewn that Don and Stone, in 
composition, imply often the same; I will 
further state, that we often use the letter 
s, to strengthen or lengthen the sound of 
syllables. Thus Yon is written Stan, 
Sion, and Stone. Tuv, a name for Water 
or Stream, is frequently written Sfav and 
Stave: Ur of Chaldea was also written 
Sar: the Indus was written Sindus, 
Words which begin with an Hin Welsh, 
often begin with an § in the Gaelic: thus 
Havren, is Welsh for the Severn. In the 
Gaelic they have né H, but words begin- 
ning with vowels were aspirated; and 
hence the syllabes A an hill, pronounced 
Au, and changed to Al, El, Il, were pro- 
nounced Hau, Hal, Hel, and Hil; and 
in the composition of names, these gene- 
rally mean Hill; but as S was often used 
- for H; Sil Scl, Shil, Shel, &c, also im- 
ported Hill in many, perhaps in all old, 
Gaelic names. Hence Si/, in Silchester, 
means the Hill-Camp, in Silverton, the 
Hill Border Land or Settlements. Again, 
§ as before-mentioned in Tav and Itaz, 
was prefixed to words for Hill, and Pin 
and Pen, an Head or Hill, have been 
written Spin and Spen, as in Spine by 
Antoninus; Speneham Eand, as Ham 
means Border, implies the Hill or Head 
Border Land. But nearly all the before- - 
mentioned syllables and words have been 
misunderstood. 
There is in Devon a Cromlech, which 
is usually called by the inhabitants around 
it, the Spinster’s Rock. Tradition says, 
that three Spinsters erected it before 
breakfast. Many have been the con- 
jectures and dissertations on Spinster’s 
Rock. The estate on which it stands, is 
named Shil/stone, from Sil or Shil an Hill, 
as just mentioned, is a synonyme of 
Spin-ter, or Spin-tir; and each implies 
the Hill Land. Shilveston, or Shilfestone, 
is the spelling of Spifstone, in Dooms-day 
Book; and it describes the situation of 
the Cromlech, it implies the Hill hollow 
Land, and the estate on which this Crom- 
lech stands, is in the hollow of the hill. 
Your’s, &c. 
A. B. 
a 
To the Editor of the Monthly Magazine. 
SIR, 
OR some time past, among other 
pursuits, during my leisure hours, I 
have tried a variety of experiments re- 
specting the various -and least expensive 
articles from which paper can be made, 
and partly with a view to this, I have 
travelled through the greater part of Scot- 
land, England, and Ireland. The result 
of my experiments and observation is, 
that by far the cheapest and most ready 
articles from which paper can be made, 
are the refuse of hemp and flax, and the 
hempen particles of the hop and bean 
plant. 
It is a fact, that about the generality 
of mills for beating and dressing hemp 
and flax, a large proportion in sonie in- 
land places, amounting nearly to one half 
of what is carried thither, is either left 
there to rot, under the name of refuse, 
or thrown away as of no use, because 
too rough and short for being converted 
into cloth. Now, from the experiment I 
have tried, I have uniformly found that, 
though too rough and short for being con- 
verted into cloth, even of the coarsest 
kind, the refuse of hemp and flax, on be- 
ing beat and shaken so as to separate the 
strawy 
