230 PROCEEDINGS OF SECTION D. 
its support), the peculiar qualities of seeds, salts, gums, resins, 
oils by which they are distinguished, and all other constituents on 
which their natural combination so ultimately depends, almost all 
traces of variability disappear, and the above anomaly or 
difficulty in timber identification would be obviated. Again, the 
further commercial importance of a natural classification based 
on the specific characters above enumerated is well illustrated 
in the volatile oils of Eucalypts. By working on such clear and 
definite lines as above enumerated it is possible at once to know 
what quality of oil any particular species will yield. And this 
has been proved beyond dispute, for the oil of Hucalyptus 
macrorhyncha, F. v. M., contains Eudesmol, Eucalyptol, and 
other constituents, whether the botanical material is obtained 
from a tree in the north of New South Wales or in the south of 
Victoria. The case of Hucalyptus globulus Labill. is so well 
known that it need only be mentioned ; #. globulus oil is identical 
whether obtained from trees in Algeria, France, Victoria, New 
South Wales, or Tasmania. The oils of nearly 100 species have 
been tested in this museum with like results, information invalu- 
able to those about to start on Eucalyptus oil distillation. A 
morphological classification gives a type and its so-called varie- 
ties which yield respectively good, bad, and indifferent oils and 
timbers, &c.; in fact, products having no connection whatever 
with each other, but placed under the same species, owing to some 
slight or imaginary resemblances in character in the dried speci- 
mens. In many instances it is impossible to classify Eucalypts 
on the shape of the fruits, anthers, buds, and leaves, and in this 
connection is mentioned the case of #. bicolor and EF. pendula 
of A. Cunningham. It has been customary in recent times to 
synonymise these species under the name of #. largiflorens, 
F. v. M. Now, Cunningham, who was a field botanist, and who 
was familiar with these trees, named the bastard box of Cabra- 
matta #. bicolor, a tree with a dark box bark on the stem, and 
with clear white limbs, and having a lightest brown-coloured 
timber, whilst the “ Coolabah” of the interior he named £. pen- 
dula, from its drooping habit. This tree has a red-coloured tim- 
ber and a box bark extending to the ultimate branches. The oils 
of the two trees are also quite distinct. The economic and sys- 
tematic materials of #. pendula have been obtained from many 
parts of the colony, and show the usual constancy of specific cha- 
racters which the author has found to hold in almost all other 
Eucalyptus species. This also applies to #. bicolor, and on 
these grounds it is contended that the two trees should be re- 
garded as distinct species. The only resemblance is the venation 
of the lanceolate form of leaf. If placed under F. largiflorens, 
then there would be the anomaly of having under one species a 
tree with two kinds of bark, two kinds of timber, two kinds of 
oil, and a variation in leaves. These remarks also apply to (1) 
