232 | PROCEEDINGS OF SECTION D. 
7.—METHODS OF CONTROLLING INSECT PESTS. 
By W. W. Froceatt, F.L.S.. Government Entomologist, New 
South Wales. 
[ Abstract. | 
The paper dealt with the practical application of means for 
destroying insects. An economic entomologist should be ap- 
pointed from the ranks of collectors rather than from those of 
museum specialists. Orchardists should know why certain 
washes and sprays are used, and the orchard should be planted 
with full knowledge of the conditions required, and all trees 
should be free from pests of any kind. The good effect of the 
Vegetation Diseases Acts of the various States is dwelt upon, 
and the state of things now is contrasted with that obtaining 
before the passing of the Acts. 
Fumigation and spraying are often ineffective, because im- 
properly carried out, and to guard against this the orchardist 
should know the why and wherefore of the processes he adopts. 
Some entomologists believe that the destruction of insect pests 
should be brought about by the encouragement of their parasites, 
while others would accomplish the work by spraying, and there 
are good points in both plans. 
It is pointed out that though fungus diseases when occurring 
naturally are wonderful in their results, still the disease when 
artificially spread is unreliable in its action. 
Insectivorous birds should be strictly protected, and an 
efficient gun Act should be enforced. Children in schools should 
be encouraged to foster instead of harm bird life. 
8.—THE PROGRESS OF THE ZOOLOGICAL AND ACCLIMA- 
TISATION SOCIETY OF VICTORIA. 
By F. R. Goprrey. 
9—SOME EXAMPLES OF ALTERATION PRODUCED IN 
PLANTS BY CHANGED ENVIRONMENT. 
By Aex. G. HAmttron. 
(With Two Plates.) 
Eight years ago I collected a small plant of Dendrobium 
cemulum of the usual type found in the Illawarra district, New 
South Wales, that is, like Fig. 1. In this form the pseudo-bulbs 
