PROCEEDINGS OF SECTION F. 301 
4.—EXOGAMY AT TUBETUBE, BRITISH NEW 
GUINEA. 
By Rey:.J. T. Frecn. 
On Tubetube Island, in the Engineer group, British New Guinea, 
the principle of exogamy obtains and occupies a very prominent 
_ place in the regulating of the connubial relationships of the mem- 
bers of the different tribes. 
Connected with this principle there are two things which regu- 
late the marriages of the people on this island, the ‘‘ totem” and 
* consanguinity.” 
The ‘‘ totems” are six in number, so that there are six classes 
or tribes, the members of which are permitted to marry one 
another ; but on no account can any two members of the same 
totem marry, though there may not be the slightest consanguinity 
between them; to do so would bring upon them the openly 
expressed contempt of the whole community, and the act would 
be regarded as incestuous. 
In order to understand how the law against consanguineous 
marriages works out, the relationships of. the Tubetubeans must 
be explained. The word for ancestor, dating back from, and 
inclusive of, what is termed in English—grandfather or grand- 
mother, is ‘‘Zwbu;” for father, “Zama;’ mother, ‘Sina ;” 
sister’s sister and brother’s brother, ‘‘Kava;” sister’s brother and 
brother’s sister, ‘‘Du ;” maternal uncle, ‘‘4ara;’ paternal uncle, 
“Tama ;’ maternal aunt, ‘“Sima;’ paternal aunt, “Sina ;” 
child—son or daughter, ‘‘Vatw;’ cousin—male or female, 
“Nubai ;’ nephew or niece of maternal uncle, ‘‘ Game ;* nephew 
or niece of paternal uncle and aunt and maternal aunt, “Vatu.” 
There are other relationships or terms for them not mentioned 
here, but as they do not concern the subject under consideraticn 
no notice need be taken of them. 
It is impossible to understand the relationships between the 
people of Tubetube by comparison with the English system. The 
terms uncle, aunt, nephew, niece, and cousin, cannot be applied 
to them, as they would be altogether misleading, and could 
never convey to English people any true conception of the 
meaning of ‘‘Lara,” ‘“‘Tama,” “Sina,” and “Natu,” ‘‘Nubai,” 
and “Game.” 
For instance, a man has a brother, his children are Natu to 
both his brother and himself, whilst the brother is Zama to the 
child ; that is, the brother stands in the same relationship to 
the child as its own father, and he is addressed by the child as 
Tamagu (my father), and the child is called Vatunu (his child). 
