3/2 PROCEEDINGS OF SECTION I. 
is a wave of ozone vivifying all the bacilli in its track, and 
exciting them into activity—vide Dr. Carstair’s paper, “ Trans- 
actions Intercolonial Medical Congress, 1892,” p. 616. Un- 
fortunately, I have not been able to obtain from our Govern- 
ment Astronomer any further evidence, corroborative or 
antagonistic, but the connection is one which is well worthy 
of investigation by sume of our astronomical brethren. 
4. The individual factor also’ presents many important 
problems which are still unsettled. Undoubtedly, the resist- 
ing power varies with age, state of the naso-pharynx, exposure, 
and general health. The influence of temperament is less recog- 
nised, though equally striking. 
5. The influence of season seems partly fundamental, partly 
secondary. Ever since 1885 influenza has Leen with us, more 
or less epidemic in the spring and the autumn. But in certain 
years, it has been as much, if not more characteristically epi- 
demic in the winter and the summer. 
6. Differences in type characterise different epidemics, even 
more, perhaps, than in any other germ disease. These differ- 
ences are, no doubt, due partly to seasonal peculiarities, and 
partly to the individual type in the persons attacked. But 
there still remains some unknown atmospheric or germ pecu- 
larity casually connected with variations otherwise inexplicable. 
Until 1889, the epidemic prevalence remained, mainly autumnal 
and wintry, and pulmonary complications were predcminant, 
in incidence and sequele. The same predominance of nervous 
symptoms was also noticed in England, America, and Europe. 
7. The questions of immunity and relapse also remain 
largely unsolved. My own opinion is that few, if any, have any 
natural immunity, and that those who escape do so because 
they have escaped sufficient infection; but that immunity is 
gradually acquired both by the individual and the community 
through the medium of the increasingly protective influence of 
repeated attacks. As regards relapses, the greatest factor 
in their causation appears to be neglect, acting apparently by 
the revitalising of germs already in the naso-pharynx. Many so- 
called ° “relapses” are really not relapses, but the result of non- 
influenzal irritation of influenzally damaged membranes and 
structures. 
8. The inter-relations of the influenzal with other germs con- 
stitute one of the most interesting of modern bacteriological 
problems. In all probability, the influenzal bacillus is only one 
out of the large family of the naso-pharyngeal flora. Many out- 
breaks, called “‘ dengue,” have been considered to be really 
cases of influenza by careful observers. Many forms of cocci be- 
come exceedingly active after or during an influenzal invasion, 
and are then enabled to readily penetrate frontal sinuses, an- 
