102 president's address — SECTION c. 



Zealand area from Peiinian to Jurassic times. " As regards An- 

 tarctica, we have no evidence as yet of any Rhaetic land there, but 

 in Jurassic times, Grahamsland may have been connected with 

 New Zealand, and also with Australia" (Arber 1917), Special 

 interest attaches toi the form Linynifolium, which was that sup- 

 posed to be Gloxsopteris prior to Arber's investigations. It occurs 

 in the Rhaetic and Lower Jurassic beds in New Zealand, and Arber 

 believes that the genus is also represented in the Rhaetic beds of 

 South America, and the Jurassic of South Australia, Victoria and 

 Tasmania, tho'Ugh W,alkcm does not concur as regards ,the Aus- 

 tralian forma It is perhaps also represented by the small leaves 

 " like Glossopteris," that have been recorded by Piroutet (1917) 

 in the Noric beds of New Caledonia. 



The great orogenic movement in early Cretaceons times now fol- 

 lowed, but in the fauna of the succeeding Middle Cretaceous (Al- 

 bian) transgression, Woods (1917) found that of the sixteen forms 

 present in New Zralaiid, nine were of Indo-Pacific affinities, so 

 that the forms arriving in New Zealand must have come by the 

 circumpacific channel, and from the broadened Tethyan Sea, out 

 of which the East African channel now opened. In the much 

 more extensive Upper Cretaceous (Senonian) transgression, the im- 

 portance of the "short-circuit" migration from Graham land 

 become mo^e clear. Trechmann (1917) recognised out of fifteen 

 New Zealand molluscs, nine with affinities to those Chili, Pata- 

 gonia or Grahamsland, and Woods (1917) out of a collection of 

 fiftv two lamellibranchs and cephalopods, identified two or three 

 with South American types, and four with close affinities thereto. 

 Comparisons were also made between other species and forms 

 occurring in Southern India, South Africa and Europe. Reviewing 

 this very important work, Wilckens (1920) points out that the 

 South American affinities are even greater than Woods ind'cated. 

 He recognises two additional forms as identical with South 

 American species, and four othei*s as closely allied thereto. His 

 own study ol the Senoiiian gasteiropods of New Zealand, which 

 IS now in the press, supports this, and will, therefore, be awaited 

 with all the more interest. We may note his remark thTt New 

 Zealand. Grahamsland and Patagonia formed part of the coast- 

 line of the Southern Pacific Ocean of Senonian times. The fossils 

 coinsi^ered by these writers came from the north-eastern part of 

 the South Island only, but their conclusions are confirmed by Dr. 

 Marshall's studies of the Senonian beds of the Kaip^ra d'strirt*. 

 North Auckland, of which a preliminary account will be placed 

 before this section. We may here mention the fact that the 

 Senonian fauna of Nerw Caledonia, of which Piroutet (1917) has 

 given a preliminary statement, shows also the same groups of 

 genera as are represented in the circumr)acif:c fauna, and th^re 

 are a number of genera common toi New Zealand and New 

 Caledonia. 



* Private commuQication. 



