23 
and gabbros (including essexites). The granites, the syenites, 
and the nepheline-syenites occur as ‘‘batholites” (large irregular 
masses without visible bottom). The gabbros (essexites) occur 
as bosses of relatively small dimensions and, more frequently, 
as large dykes. 
The granites, the syenites, and the gabbros are of common 
occurrence in South Greenland, but nepheline-syenites are only 
found in three localities (Plate I). One of these is in the di- 
strict east of Ivigtut where a nepheline-syenite of the ordinary 
Foya type covers a relatively small area. The two other occur- 
rences are situated in the neighbourhood of Julianehaab and 
are associated with other abyssal rocks of the alkali group. A 
detailed description of the newer abyssal rocks in the country 
around Julianehaab is given in the following chapters; in this 
place a few remarks may be premised for orientation. 
Distribution. — Within the area represented in Plate II 
there are two batholites: the Ilimausak batholite and the Igaliko 
batholite. The latter is the larger one, but the Ilimausak batholite 
is much more interesting on account of its very peculiar and 
complex structure, which can be made out with certainty owing 
to the fact that the batholite is deeply dissected by the large 
fjords. 
The Ilimausak batholite surrounds the outer parts of Tu- 
nugdliarfik Fjord and stretches northwards as far as Sermilik, 
southwards to Kangerdluarsuk ; north of Tunugdliarfik it reaches 
an altitude of 1100 meters. The original cover of the batholite 
is partially preserved in the [limausak Mountains, it consists of 
the volcanic sheets mentioned in the preceding pages. The 
maximum horizontal extension of the batholite is from north- 
west to south-east and amounts to about 20 kilometers; the 
breadth, measured in a north-easterly and south-westerly di- 
rection, is 10 to 15 kilometers. The westernmost portion is 
separated from the bulk of the batholite by a narrow strip of 
volcanic rocks, but since the natural section in the large valley 
