458 PROCEEDINGS OF SECTION C. 



winds moving poleward from the southern anticyclone belt do not owe 

 their moisture to what they bring down with them from the anti-trades 

 in their descent near the parallel of 32° S. lat., but rather derive their 

 moisture en route, after their descent to the earth's surface, from the 

 ocean over which they pass in their subsequent south-easterly course 

 towards the belt of polar calms. .It seems to the author that the 

 following points might well claim our attention amongst, no doubt, 

 many others which might be suggested in connection with this remark- 

 able Lower Cambrian glaciation :- 



1. Can any spots be found where the Cambrian till immediately 

 overlies unconformably Pre- Cambrian rocks ? If any such can be 

 discovered there can be little doubt, in the opinion of the author, that 

 striated pavements will be found which will give definite evidence as 

 to the nature of the ice which produced the glaciation, as well as of its 

 direction of movement. 



2. What is the origin of the remarkable thin beds of limestone 

 which are interstratified with the top of the glacial beds ? Are they 

 of freshwater origin ? 



3. What is the exact sequence and thickness of these glacial beds 

 at various areas, situated at different distances with regard to one 

 another along the general path of ice movement ? 



4. Are any microscopic or macroscopic fossils contained in the 

 strata which immediately overlie or underlie, or are interstratified 

 with them ? 



The discoveries of Mr. Howchin in South Australia should be con- 

 sidered ih conjunction with the more recent discoveries of Mr. Bailey 

 Willis, of the United States Geological Survey, of Lower Cambrian 

 boulder beds near Ichang, on the Yang-tsze River below the horizon of 

 the Olenellus limestone, and perhaps, also, with the earlier discovery 

 by Dr. Reusch of glaciated pavements and a boulder bed at the Var- 

 anger Fjord in North-eastern Norway. The age of the latter beds are 

 still doubtful, for while Reusch and Strachan assigned to them a Cam- 

 brian age. Professor Tschernjchew relegates them to the Devonian, 

 and others again to the Permian. The supposed glacial conglomerates 

 of Spitzbergen, recorded by Gregory and Garwood, of the Lena River 

 in Siberia, of the Coppermine River in the Northern Territory of the 

 Dominion of Canada, as well as the conglomerates recently found by 

 A. W. Rogers in South Africa, are now thought to be of probably 

 Pre-Cambrian age, and therefore cannot be correlated with the Lower 

 Cambrian glacial beds of South Australia, or with those of the Yang- 

 tsze. 



PERMO-CARBONIFEROUS. 



In attempting to summarise the evidences of ice action in Permo- 

 Carboniferous time, the author will first consider the Australasian 

 evidence, and afterwards evidences in extra- Australasian areas. 



In Australasia the evidence appears to him to point to the action 

 of land ice in the form of a great piedmont glacier or ice sheet. That 

 it was land ice and not floating ice which accomplished such a widespread 



