PROCEEDINGS OF SECTION F. 61& 



Throughout Polynesia the pronouns are more numerous and more 

 precise than in English. The Polynesians have singular, dual, and 

 plural, with inclusive and exclusive forms, according as you include or 

 exclude the person addressed. 



The Papuans or Melanesians have singular, dual, trial, and plural, 

 ■with inclusive and exclusive forms in personal and possessive pronouns. 

 There are six different sets of possessives by which you indicate exactly 

 whether the article referred to is food, drink, or otherwise, and whether 

 you include or exclude the person you address. The same system of 

 pronouns is found among the Kaffirs of South Africa. 



Ai-yan ^ ki, to rest, repose; Latin, civia ; Goth, haims ; German, 

 heim ; A. S., ham; English, home; New Britain and Duke of York 

 Island, ki, to sit, dwell, wait. 



y/ sta and shi, to stand ; sta is used in the European languages ; 

 tu (= stit) is the form used throughout the Pacific (both races). 



V 2}a, to protect — hence paling, palisade, &c. ; Maori, pa, a fort; 

 Fiji, ba, a fence or fort ; New Britam and Duke of York Island, pal, a 

 house, bark, skin; Fijian, vale, a house; Tongan and Samoan, yh^e/ 

 Sandwich Islands, hale, a house ; Maori, whare, a house. 



yf wnd, to wet = Duke of York Island, bata, rain ; also ■y/ ud, to 

 wet; Sanscrit, ud-an, water ; Greek, vc-wp, water; Fiji, uiha, rain. 



■\/ ivak, to speak; Sanscrit, vach, to speak; Latin, vox, vocis ; 

 Fijian, vosa, word, speech ; Fijian, vaka, to say, speak. 



v/ pu, to beget. Latin, pu-er. a boy ; pu-ella, a girl ; jnilhis, the 

 young of an animal. New Britain, bul, a boy ; te-bu-an, a woman 

 (literally one who brings forth) ; tva-pu-ei-a, to bring forth plentifully. 



Hindustani, kana, to eat ; this word is found throughout the Pacific. 



There is a well-defined interchange of consonants in Polynesia — 

 1 and r ; t and k ; h, f, v, and w ; j and t ; j, h, and s are interchangeable. 

 Roto is the Maori word for lake, as roto-mahana , the hot lakes. Roto is 

 the Maori pronunciation of loko = Italian, lago, loch, lake. 



Rotumah, hen, a woman = Persian zen, a woman. 



Ruma is the Malay word for house. The same word is used on 

 New Guinea and Duke of York Island. 



Sampan is the Chinese for boat. 



Tam.pang is the Duke of York Island word for boat. 



Mat is both Arabic and Persian, and is the word used throughout 

 Polynesia for death. We have it in English, checkmate = Persian, 

 Shah mat, the King is dead. 



The decimal system of notation is found throughout Polynesia 

 among both races. 



4. Another proof of the Asiatic origin of the Polynesians we find in 

 the fact that the Hovas, the ruling race of Madagascar, are proved by 

 their language, traditions, jjhysique, &c., to belong to the same race as 

 the Polynesians. 



Leaving India, the one branch sailed away to the south-west, and 

 eventually conquered the dark race already in possession of the island. 

 The other branch sailed to the east, and found a home in the Malay 

 Archipelago, and eventually in the eastern Pacific. 



