14 
Itseems, then, that any person who 
can put up with the plain food de- 
scribed above, and can wait till the 
roads are made, if in this hot cli- 
mate he will observe cleanliness by 
frequent washing and bathing, and in 
short if he will employ himself in 
labour, he may very soon have a 
fine kitchen garden, with all kinds of 
fruit and vegetables. He will then 
find it easy to breed pigs and fowls, 
and to keep oxen and cows; in short, 
he will within a few years see his la- 
bour rewarded, and be able to support 
his family in plenty. But any one 
who would seck here an idle life, may 
stay in his own country, since, instead 
of the expected paradise, he would 
soon find his grave. 
Every emigrant, whether rich or 
poor, should have an object in view, 
corresponding with his knowledge and 
means. Themanof property, without 
assistance, can do nothing; he must 
bring mechanics, artizans, and pea- 
sants with him, or hire them there for 
high wages, or buy slaves. The poor 
man can still less adventure into a fo- 
reign country ; he must have the sup- 
port either of a patron, or of govern- 
ment. It is true that the Portuguese 
government gives the European emi- 
grant, provided he be a Roman Catho- 
lic, large uncultivated tracts of land 
gratis, which in time may acquire a 
very great value ; but the farther use of 
such a gift will still depend on the as- 
sistance he may receive: till these 
wilds are brought into cultivation, the 
peasant must support himself and 
his family, build a cottage, purchase 
cattle and implements of husban- 
dry, and all that in a foreign coun- 
try, the language of which he does not 
understand, and where he will not 
readily be understood. The mechanic, 
from the same cause, will find neither 
a situation nor employ : his means will 
soon be exhausted ; and, instead of the 
imaginary wealth and abundance, he 
will meet with want and misery, and 
ultimately he will not even find where- 
with to return to his native country. 
A Roman Catholic, possessed of a 
sufficient capital to profit by the ad- 
vantages offered by the government, 
will do best to go to Brazil on bis own 
account. But the peasant and me- 
chanic, whose funds are not sufficient, 
must be satisfied for the first few years 
with less advantage, by attaching 
themselves to -a capitalist, and bc- 
coming acquainted with the language, 
Present State of Brazil; by Baron Langsdorf. 
[Aug. 1, 
customs, and habits, and agriculture of 
the country, and then chuse that branch 
of industry for which they feel the 
best qualified. 
From all this it will result that it is 
more advantageous fer the capitalist 
than for the poor man to emigrate to 
Brazil. But let us now calculate the 
advantages that offer themselves to a 
man of moderate fortune, compared to 
what he might earn with it in Europe. 
We will suppose a man, whose 
estates in Europe are worth 10,000 
pounds, and who tries to make the 
most of them. What can he gain? 
After he has paid all his taxes, tithes, 
and other duties, he will make, under 
the happiest circumstances, and in the 
best years, from three to four per 
cent.; that is, between three to four 
hundred pounds clear profit: he must 
live with his family in a plain and re- 
tired manner; and, if by some misfor- 
tune, encumbered with extra ex- 
pences, he may be glad if, at the end of 
the year he is free from debt. 
But, if such a man with 100,000 
florins emigrates to Brazil, his profits 
will increase considerably. He may 
purchase (or now receive from the 
government without expense,) a large 
uncultivated estate, or district, which 
may stand him in about 
1,000 pounds, 
He purchases forty slaves at 
200 Spanish dollars, 
about * 2 2,000 
For the building of dwelling 
and warehouses . 2,000 
Support of forty negroes, and 
purchasing of agricultu- 
ral implements, cattle, 
&c. for the first year, 
about a 360 
Second ditto 360 
Third ditto 560 
Total 6,080 pounds. 
With these forty negroes, he may, 
in the first year, sow coffee, form a 
nursery, plant between 20 or 30,000- 
coffee-trees, mandioca-root, maize, 
beans, cabbage, and other nourishing 
plants and roots, banana-trees, &c. in 
such abundance, that, at the end of six 
months, he may almost be able to keep 
his people; but, after eighteen months, 
when the bread-root is ripe, he, al- 
ready possesses the principal staff of 
life. Inthe mean time he continues 
planting coffee-trees, and extending his 
nursery, according to his leisure and 
number of slaves. After eighteen 
months 
