¢ 1822.] 
Means of Cnr the Sufferings of 
the People during Timcs of Scarcity :” 
and, lastly, the very able and learned 
work before us, consisting of a ‘‘ Dis- 
quisition on the Nature of Injuries, of 
Losses, of Reparation, and the relative 
bases of Estimation before Civil Tribu- 
nals.” It would be difficult to point 
out subjects of a more deep and per- 
vading interest, or more ably and argu- 
mentatively treated, than those to 
which Signor Gioja has uniformly de- 
voted his talents, comprehending no 
Jess than sixteen volumes within a 
period of seven years, cight in 4to. and 
eight in 8vo. the whole relating to the 
useful arts and sciences, and of very 
general application to the wants and 
interests of his country. The genius 
and character of his writings seem to 
have been formed in the great school 
of Galileo, displaying throughout the 
Same characteristics of style and 
method, pursuing his researches solely 
by the light of rational observation and 
experience. His opinions are always 
consistent with each other, distrusiful 
of all analogy and vague comparisons ; 
and his arguments are never advanced 
in theshape of hypotheticalsuppositions. 
Deducing information from facts, he 
proceeds in a regular series of analyti- 
cal reasoning on the theory and prac- 
tice of laws, in such a manner as to 
convince his readers ‘of the truths 
which he advances, with almost the 
weight of demonstration. “Toremove 
eyery doubt and misconstruction, as 
far as in my power, from the reader’s 
mind,” observes Signor G. “TI have at- 
tempted to bring forward such facts, in 
the discussion of disputed points, and 
questions of equity, observing the 
method adopted in the physical sci- 
énces, as shall require no concession 
of faith, no admission for argument’s 
sake on his part.” — 
To satisfy ourselves that the last 
work of Signor G. now before the pub- 
lic, possesses the same high qualifica- 
tions of profound thought, and the 
same extent and depth of research, as 
most of his former productions, we 
ought to consider, did our limits per- 
mit, the state of those branches of 
legal science before be entered on the 
discussion, and at the period when he 
concluded his valuable labours. To 
say that he has reduced the very im- 
perfect mass of ancient and modern 
ciyil law into the clearest order, and 
established scales of crime and punish- 
ments more applicable than theoreti- 
Montury Mac. No. 374. 
Novelties of Foreign Literature. 
337 
cal, digesting what is most just and 
liberal out of different conflicting codes, 
would be only giving an idea of one 
portion of his researches. Of these 
the jurisconsult, the advocate, and the 
judge, may equally avail themselves, 
and found their calculations upon fixed 
and secure bases, by estimating sci- 
ence, legal counsels and judgments, 
by the force of reason. 
The Baron Gabriel Judica has re- 
cently given to the world the result of 
his very learned researches in the 
island of Sicily, in a work entitled 
“The Antiquities of Acre explored, 
&e.” illustrated with thirty-four grand 
plates in folio, exhibiting views of the 
most striking monuments and ruins, 
still indicative of the site of the old 
Syracusean city. According to the 
testimony of Thucydides, further con- 
firmed by the very ingenious calcula- 
tions made by Larcher, Acre was 
built by the people of Syracuse as early 
as 688 years B.C., and sixty-six years 
before the existence of ancient Rome. 
We have the several accounts, also, of 
Diodorus Siculus, Plutarch in his Life 
of Dion, as well as Livy and the elder 
Pliny. These authorities are strength- 
ened by the discovery of some ancient 
medals of Acre, already mentioned by 
Hagen, Torremuzza, and by Pellerin, 
to which Baron J.’s successful re- 
searches have now added a corres- 
ponding one, ai engraving of which is 
given. On one side, there is repre- 
sented a head of Ceres crowned with 
the wreath; and, on the reverse, the 
same divinity is seen standing crect 
with the attached inscription of 
AKPAIOQON, where the K and the P are 
connected in the form of a monogram. 
Baron J. in his first excavations, had 
t#e good fortune to open upon several 
vaulted tombs cut in solid rock, con- 
taining, among other reliques, many of 
those ancient vases so frequenily imi- 
tated under\the name of Etrmscan, 
together with an engraved plate. of 
brass, and a leaden casket, in which 
weredeposited human bones. In ano- 
ther cave were discovered itwo medals, 
in good preservation, of the Emperors. 
Vespasian and Trajan, with a Greek 
inscription, given as follows in Latin; 
“ Eumuche Zopiri filt salve.” 
Not far from Colle-orbo, where these 
were found, appears a magnificentrock, 
adorned with very ancicnt figures, in 
hasso-relievo, carved in the solid stone, 
representing men, women, and chil- 
dren, and eyen horses, as large-as life, 
X X with 
