1822.] 
of which inereases in one direction, 
and diminishes in the other, the acting 
length of the balance spring. .'This 
curb and compensator are connected 
with the balance-cock and apparatus’ 
But, .as we cannot. 
for adjustment. 
describe the contrivances without en- 
gravings, we must refer our readers to 
the. Lonpon JournaL of Arts, No. 
XX. where it is given. with the en- 
gravings at length. 
— 
To Tuomas Burr, of Shrewsbury, 
Plumber ; for certain Improvements im 
Machinery for manufacturing Lead 
and other Metal into Pipe and Sheets. 
—April 11, 1820. 
Tre machinery for making pipe con- 
sists in a’ strong iron hollow cylin- 
der or barrel, true with parallel sides 
for a piston to work in, open at one 
end and closed at the other end, ex- 
cept a hole being left in the centre to 
admit the pipe to pass through, into 
which said hole is fixed a washer or 
thimble ; the hole through which is the 
exact size of the outside of the pipe 
intended to be made; this washer is 
made to take out occasionally (by a 
serew or otherwise) to. allow another 
washer to be placed in its stead, with 
a larger or smaller hole in proportion 
to the size of the pipe intended to be 
made ; a strong piston is made so to fit 
the inside of the cylinder, as to allow 
Sufficient space for it easily to work up 
and down in it from one end to the 
other. In the centre of the end of the 
piston that enters the cylinder, is fixed 
perpendicularly, a round core or rod 
the length of the cylinder, and. the 
diameter of the inside of the pipe in- 
tended to be made; this core or rod is 
also made to take off occasionally (by 
a screw or otherwise), to admit another 
core or rod to be introduced in its 
stead of the same length, but of larger 
or smaller diameter, in proportion to 
the size of the pipe wanted. The 
cylmder may be of any size at plea- 
sure; it must be large enough to con- 
tain lead sufficient to make one length 
of pipe, the larger it is the longer the 
pipe will be; if it is six inches diame- 
ter and one foot long, it will require to 
be at least four inches thick, and so in 
proportion. The above may all be 
made of iron or other strong metal, but 
the cores or rods and washers will be 
better of steel. ‘The manner of using 
the apparatus is as follows: the cylin- 
der is fixed perpendicularly with the 
end uppermost, to which the washer is 
New Patents and Mechanical Inventions. 
435 
fixed ; the piston is drawn down until 
it is nearly out of the cylinder; the 
upper-end of the core or red will then 
appear through the centre of the hole 
in the washer; if it should vary, it must 
be wedged in the centre; clean melted: 
lead is then poured into the cylinder, 
by the: space between the core or rod! 
and the washer, until it is full; after it 
has stood until thelead is set, the 
piston is forced into the cylinder; 
which presses out the lead through the 
aperture between the core or rod and 
the washer in the form of pipe. When 
the piston has pressed out all the lead, 
the pipe is sawed off above the core or 
rod, the piston is drawn down again to 
its former place (viz. neatly out of thé 
cylinder) ; a short piece of pipe will then 
remain, so.as to stop up the passage 
or space between the core or red and 
the washer; to clear the passage, 
melted lead, heated nearly toa low- 
ered heat, is poured on to the pipe 
remaining, which will very soon melt it 
away, and the lead must be continued 
pouring until the cylinder is full’ as 
before. To take the melted lead into. 
the cylinder that was poured on to’ 
open the passage, a small hole is made 
close by the side of the washer, whicli 
hole, when the cylinder is full, is 
stopped up by a screw-pin. After 
standing as before, the operations aré 
repeated. The method -he uses to 
force the piston into ‘the cylinder, and 
draw it back again, is as follows: the 
cylinder is firmly fixed by a flanch cast 
thereon for that purpose, in a perpen- 
dicular hole through the centre of the 
top of the frame of a powerful hydrauli¢é 
press, in such a manner that the upper 
end appears above the frame of the 
press, for the purpose of access to it td 
pour in the lead, &c.; the press is 
made to heave upwards, and pull back 
again; the piston is fastened to the 
heaving rod of the press by a screw, so 
that it can be easily taken off to clear 
away the lead that may hang on, when 
the core or rod is to be changed. “He 
warms the cylinder before he begins to 
use it, after it has stood from working, 
by making a small fire round 10 dr 
it, which also makes it work the 
easier. The method of making shee 
is the same as pipes, except thut 
instead of the vessel that contains the 
lead being cylindrical, it must be ah 
oblong-square inside, as wide as’ the 
sheet is required, and of length and 
breadth sufficient to contain lead 
enough for one sheet; and the aperture 
where 
