1823.} 
ture of the government, perhaps he 
thought with Addison—, 
where impious men bear sway, 
The post of honour is a private station. 
The only honorary distinction he ever 
received was that of Lord High Trea- 
surer of Ireland; and, were I to spe- 
cify the two most remarkable public 
epochs of his life, they would have a 
romantic cast; I shall add them, how- 
ever: bearing the King’s train on his 
accession, and assisting and attending 
at Garrick’s funeral. He supported 
Mr. Fox’s election against the court 
in 1784, manifesting much zeal on the 
subject, and subscribing largely in its 
support. He was for sage and mode- 
rate measures in political economy 
and legislation. His life is not full of 
eventful history; some may be dis- 
posed to condemn it, to others it will 
recall the inspiring seene of ot2zwm cum 
dignitate. Went abroad to his family 
on the Continent,—united the fortunes 
of the Cavendish and Burlington fa- 
milies. 
His first wife, Georgiana Spencer, 
was the most distinguished. fashionable 
of her time ; and his second, Elizabeth 
Forster, was also at the head of the 
beau monde. Yet the Duke had the 
aspect and manners of a farmer. 
CRUSADES. 
These are noticed by Mezeray, in 
his “ History of Fiefs,” as favourabie 
to the enfranchisement of the cities, 
towns, and villages, in France. The 
manner in which he speaks of them 
is honourable to the cause of liberty. 
“‘Some (he says) supplicated for the 
rights they were eager to obtain ; some 
asserted, and others purchased them, 
by the payment of certain tributes. 
Among those which laid claim to them 
were the cities of Marseilles and 
Thoulouwse, during the absence of 
their respective sovereigns, who deem- 
ed it politic to acquiesce. 
The following passage occurs in the 
“ History of St. Louis :”—‘‘ Thoulouse 
demands the rights she has asserted; 
Alphonse assents toit. The serfs from 
the country implore emancipation ; 
their chains fall off by the direction of 
this good prince. All men (said he) 
are born free; things should revert to 
their origin.” The serfs were enfran- 
chised by a general law in 1315. 
In a discourse, which obtained a 
prize in 1808, dissensions excited by 
religious differences, massacres, and 
the inquisition, are ascribed toa fero- 
Stephensiana, No. XV. 
525 
cious spirit, which origmated with the 
Crusades. It is admitted, however, 
that wars between individual nobles 
became more rare. 
WOOLLEN, LINEN, SILK. 
Particular notices of the arts lead to 
general views respecting the grounds 
and progress of civilization. We may 
conceive their union 2nd co-operation 
as necessarily connected. Concise 
enumerations of some of these in 
Homer eharacterise the age and state 
of society in which he lived. It ap- 
pears that the manufactures of woollen 
and linen flourished in his days; but 
we do not read of silk being intro- 
duced into Greece earlier than the 
time of Justivian. From Greece it 
was transported to Sicily, from Sicily 
into Italy. In 1620 the manufacture 
was introduced into England. The 
revocation of the edict of Nantes gave 
rise to the French colony of Spital- 
fields. Lucca long enjoyed the mo- 
nopoly of silk, and Florence for a 
time was enriched by it. 
CHARLES II., 
After he had dissolved his last Par- 
liament at Oxford, March 28, 1681, 
governed during the remainder of his 
reign witb a sort of legal tyranny. To 
this were rendered subservient the 
most glaring enormities of the Court 
of King’s Bench, just as his father had 
employed the Court of Star Chamber. 
His plan was to persccute his subjects 
under colour of Jaw. Scenes of op- 
pression abounded: the Charter of the 
City of London taken away; other 
corporations surrendering theirs; enor- 
mous fines, excessive damages, cor- 
rupt judges, packed juries, and perse- 
cution on religious accounts. ‘These 
are charges brought against that ex- 
travagant, intemperate, and profligate, 
monarch, which cannot be disproved. 
These and other accompanying cir- 
cumstances only accelerated the re- 
volution. 
PATRIOTISM. 
All honour the principle of this vir- 
tue, thouch the name may be pervert- 
ed. In the present state of things, it 
can only be realised in great and dis- 
interested minds. Men whose senti- 
ments are so public-spirited as to 
give up lucrative engagements, not to 
compromise conscience, or meet an 
enemy in the field of battle for the 
sake of their country ;—such are wor- 
thy, brave, noble, generous. But 
corruptio optimi fit pessima: We must 
be sorry for the misapplication. Flat- 
tering 
