634 
erfection, since he had 2001. per annum 
with each of his pupils, and took none 
but on the condition. of their remain- 
ing five years with him, or unless the 
rest of the school was in perfect ‘order. 
Tn fact it was impossible he said, to carry 
discipline to a higher degree of perfection. 
M. Pestalozzi required forty pounds per 
annum only for the English boys, who 
had some additional masters, and but 
thirty pounds for his others; Azs system 
was therefore more calculated to promote 
the universal benefit of humanity, whilst 
M. Fellenberg would doubtless form 
many superior characters in the higher 
walks of society ; Pestalozzi’s was more a 
peculiar system, Fellenberg’s a particular 
establishment. They both proceed on 
the same plan of rejecting as much as 
possible, both rewards and punishments. 
The former he observed were unnecessary, 
where their studies were made so agree- 
able that they were their own reward; 
the latter, excepting where the heart and 
character had been corrupted, were su- 
perfluous also. Censure and approbation 
however, are not excluded from the sys- 
tem: and these, with the consequent 
shame or esteem which follows them, are 
in some respects rewards and punish- 
ments. With regard to corporeal pu- 
nishments, there was no reason he said, 
because a boy's mind erred that his body 
should suffer; notwithstanding, where a 
boy made himself a brute, he must’ be 
treated as such. In every case the pupil 
should feel the justice of the punishment 
inflicted. 
With respect to our Bell and Lancaster, 
he believed they had adopted many of M. 
Pestalozzi’s ideas, which were afloat in 
the world: but the latter objected to the 
undue emulation and consequent pride, 
which' their system induced; he made 
the love of knowledge the sole induce- 
ment to exertion, and particularly endea- 
voured to correct any inconvenience 
arising even frum this, by inculcating the 
periormance of duty prior to the attain- 
ment of information. I need scarcely 
add to this imperiect account, the obser- 
vation, that I was exceedingly interested 
by this yisit, and think M. Pestalozzi’s 
igs appear founded on good sense, and 
irected by sound judgment. He has 
now one hundred scholars of the richer 
class, and thirty poor, some of whom are 
tauchi entirety gratis, whilst others’pay 
a small stipend. ‘They are all instructed 
together, as M. Pestalozzi considers that 
the same elementary principles of know- 
ledge are requisite for the lower as well 
as for the higher class; the direction of 
ad 
Colston’s Tour through France, Switzerland, and Italy. 
their powers must be subsequently given,, 
as their several stations may require, but 
the ground-work of all should be the same. 
FERNEY. 
November 1.—We visited. Ferney, the 
former jresidence of the great wit of the 
eighteenth century, Voltaire. The chateau 
which. he formerly occupied isa handsome 
building, and, has a pretty garden, com- 
manding a, fine view of the lake and moun- 
tains. . But the day was:too suitable to the 
most rainy and dismal month of the twelve, 
to allow of our enjoying it... The chateau 
of Voltaire is now restored. to. the same fa- 
mily from whom that celebrated writer pur- 
chased it. Lalways look with great inte- 
rest at the abodes of distinguished charac- 
ters, when they contain vestiges of the ob- 
jects. with which. they had. surrounded 
themselves in their fayourite retirement ; 
since these seem to give an insight into 
those peculiar features of mind and dispo- 
sition which constitute the individual cha- 
racter. In the. two apartments which re- 
main as they were in Voltaire’s time, there 
is much of this nature to gratify curiosity. 
In the sitting-room adjoining the bed-room, 
which he was accustomed to occupy, be- 
sides some good ancient. paintings, is a 
very singular picture, which the, person 
who accompanied us, and who had. known 
Voltaire, said was painted according to his 
directions. The’ principal personages are 
Voltaire, holding in his hand a roll of pa- 
per inscribed “ La Henriade;” next him is 
a female personification of this favourite 
poem, whom he is presenting to Apollo, 
crowned with rays of glory, Louis XIV. 
with his queen and court, are observing 
these chief figures. Jn another part, the 
Muses are crowning the bust of Voltaire 
with wreaths of flowers, and proposing to 
place it, with those of other immortal au- 
thors, in the Temple of Fame. The bot- 
tom of the picture is occupied by his ene- 
mies, who are being torn to pieces by wild 
beasts, or burning in flames of fire, 
It is said that Voltaire was very chari- 
table, and contributed. much to the happi- 
ness of the. poor who inhabited the village 
of Ferney.. Amongst the cther remarkable 
articles of furniture in his hed-room, are a 
portrait of Frederick the Great of Prussia, 
engrayings of most of the celebrated French 
wits of his time, and some of our best. Eng- 
lish writers, (amongst whom is Milton); a 
portrait of himself, crowned with laurels, 
and surrounded by a wreath of flowers, 
worked in embroidery, by the hand of the 
Empress Catherine the Second; and ano- 
ther likeness of himself, strongly expres- 
sive of the contemptuous sneer, and lurk- 
ing malignity, which are so forcibly marked 
oetien on 
