124 General Summary of Mr. Owen's Plans. [March i, 



1C5 indivldnak from 10 to l5, at 200/. for a family, 300 families, of four 



4s. per week 1,716 individuals each, might unite and be- 



680 ditto from l5 to 60, at come possessed of tvventy-tbld Iho 



10s. ditto 17,680 advantage they could possibly derive 



40 dnto above 60, at 5». from emigration. 



ditto ^^^ It has been nr?:ed against Mr. 



„ , , e, I ^.r%ni<; Owcu's plan, that by making man- 

 Total value of labour •••• ^19,9)6 ,. , *, ,, •' , , '' I , ■ 

 ', , *•"""-" " ^inrriiii kmd so happy, tlie world would bc- 



Total expenditure jei0,7o0 i » i i ■ i 



^ ____- come over populated ; and much has 



Surijlus •-• ^9,166 been latterly said about "population 



' pressing upon subsistence;" DOW what- 



But, if it should be said that no ever truth there might be in such a 

 saving can be made by combined exer- doctrine some centuries hence, that it 

 lion and expenditure, and that the ex- does not apply to the present time will 

 penses of the establishment should be be evident from the following consi- 

 cstimated by the actual expenses of a deration :— fonr acres and a half of 

 family according to the present mode land are necessary to the supply of one 

 of hv'in"-, the account will stand borse. In Ireland one man can easily 



^lj^,g. ° cultivate an acre of potatoes, which 



By an accurate calculation made in will support twelve persons, allowing 

 the expenditure of the working classes, each seven pounds per diem, conse- 

 at New Lanark, whose population is queutly the land that supports one 

 -well known toi»e sufficiently supplied, horse will support fifty-four Irishmen ! 

 it is found that the average expendi- It lias been estimated, lliat in Eu- 

 lureofeachfanSly does not exceed 45/. lope and America there is not more 

 per annum, including rent and all than one person to every 213 acres, 

 expenses. Now, every acre, by spade cultivation. 



Value 01 the labour of 300 fanii- will support two persons comfortably ; 



lies as al)Ove 19,916 213 acres would, therefore, amply 



300 families, at45J. per aunuiu •• 33,500 support 416 persons instead of one, so 



that Europe and America must have 



Surplus ^-6,416 its population multiplied 416 times 



. before there could be the least defi- 

 From the preceding calculations it ciency of comfortable subsistence; and 

 is evident, that the inhabitants of these if the inhabitants of Europe and Amc- 

 establishmeuts will be in full posses- rica were like the Irish, their numbers 

 sion even at the commencement of might be increased no less than 2556. 

 their exertions, of far more substantial The latter, of course, is an extreme 

 advantages than are now acquired by case, but the former may very fairly 

 Hiany of the middle classes, at an ex- be considered a proof that we arc not 

 peudilure of several hundreds per yet arrived at that period when "popu- 

 annum. lation presses upon subsistence." 



At a period when so many persons — ^^^ 



are driven, by the pressure of the For the Monthly 3Iagazine. 



times to emigrate to foreign lands, it letter p/" an English gentleman /ro>» 

 may, perhaps, be considered of some south America, descriptive of the 

 importance to institute a comparison distkict ©/"menuoza. 

 between emigration and the excellent Mtndoza, VJthof Aug. 1821. 



plan of Mr. Ow en, of New Lanark. It My dear Sir, 



is a great mistake to suppose that Mr. ^INCE writing to you from Buenos 

 Owen's plan is applicable to the lowest ^5 Ayres, 1 have at various times 

 classes ouly. The advantages arising had it in agitation to renew mycorres- 

 from united exertions and united ex- poudence with you on w hat I have 

 penditure are as great, perhaps greater, seen in these countries ; but have, from 

 in proportion to the knowledge, taste, time to time, been induced to postpone 

 intelli""ence, and property, possessed such intentions by a variety of circum- 

 by the parties so uniting. There arc, stances, which I need not enumerate 

 perhaps, few families who emigrate, on the present occasion, as it would 

 who do not i)ossess 50Z. for each indivi- occupy the space and time 1 wish ra- 

 dual in their families, or who could ther to devote to the subject which 

 not, among their friends, raise a loan will constitute the jirincipal jiart of this 

 to that amount, provided good security letter, and which I hope will in some 

 tould be given. For so small a sum aa degree prove interesting to you. As I 



3 havo 



