Liter art] and Critical Pro'emium, 133 



His experimfints, and ailjoining sea-cliffs, south and soiUli-west 



1824.] 



cause of lieat 



ir.any of liis practical observations, are 

 Ijowever wortliy of niiicli respect; and, if lie 

 foils in reasoning, it is because others have 

 failed also, and he lias not doubted siiili- 

 oJentlj. 



■. Mr. Robert Hindmarrh, a Swe- 

 deiiborfjian minister, replies to Mr. 

 Kiebard Carlile, a man in prison, for pro- 

 niulgali'tig couniei-opinions to bis own. 

 Of course ftlr. H. and otliers walk over 

 the course, as the argument of perpetual 

 imprisonment, inflicted, as is reported, 

 in the spirit of fauaticism, is of para- 

 Niount force to those of Mr. Hindinarsli; and, 

 until no legal penalty attaches to the 

 apposite argnnieiits, all die reasonings on 

 the other side, however just, lose their 

 practical effect on the unsophisticated coin- 

 ijion sense of mankind. We fear that public 

 sympathy actually begins to be allied with 

 Carlile, and that he probably is making ten 

 converts now, for one which he made be- 

 fore an intolerant spirit foolishly converted 

 liini into a martyr! Freedom of discussion 

 is the best safeguard of every good cause ; 

 ■while appeals to force, violence, and re- 

 straint, are to be assumed as palpable evi- 

 dence of a bad one. Sincere Christians 

 feel, therefore, that the persecution of an 

 avowed unbel4e\er is a stain on their holy 

 seligion, and forbear, at least, to reply till 

 the assailant is allowed to go free. In this 

 sense, we have never ceased to applaud the 

 able remonstrance presented to parliament 

 l)y the dissenting ministers ; while their 

 Jaiih in Christianity, and zeal in its cause, 

 cannot be questioned. 



In our titty-third vohnne.page 24^ and 

 446, wc had occasion to notice with com- 

 mendation, the large work of Mr. G. 

 JWantei.j,, on the geology of Sussex, enti- 

 tled " The Fossils of the South-downs :'' 

 ^'Smaller, but more generally useful, work 

 from the bumc hand, now claims our at- 

 icDtiou, " Outlines of the Natural liislanj of 

 the Environs nf JL.cjffs-*'— qnarto, twenty- 

 four closely printed pages, illustrated by 

 tliree platen, and three v.ood-cuts. About 

 two-thirds of the pages are devoted to a 

 condensed and perspicuous view of the 

 author's meritorious labours, in tracing the 

 geological structure, ascertaining the mi- 

 neral characters, and collecting and de- 

 scribing the organic reniaiup, of the strata 

 around the connty-town of Sussex, and 

 across its eastern portion, from the coast 

 lo the borders of Surrey and Kent, in- 

 dependently of the alluvial ami diluvial 

 jialchcs, of the abraded ruins of various 

 strata, found scattered on the surface, ac- 

 cording to no very intelligible laws, the 

 highest or most recent of the regular 

 strata here treated on, are those of tlie 

 4>luntic clay s eries,* on the Castle-hill and 



* 'Hum: Newhavt'ii strata all^W(•r lo 

 (Jinne winch the lioremg augur jk iictrates, 

 lu the butluni^ of the deep wells uf Lundoti 



oi Newhaven village ; and the lowest or 

 most ancient of the strata here described, 

 are those of shelly limestone, dug near 

 Asliburnham-park, having a southward 

 dip, and whose basset edges range thence 

 eastward, near Battle to Winchelsea, and 

 westward near Easons-grecn to Tilgate 

 forest, and the vicinity of Horsham : be- 

 tween these extreme strata, the upper and 

 the lower chalks, the grey and the blue 

 chalk-marls, the green sand, the weald clay, 

 and the ferruginous forest-sands and sand- 

 stones, are represented as lying {their re- 

 lative positions, in section, being shown in 

 the second plate,) and presenting their 

 basset edges, in ranges from the eastward 

 to the westward, in successive steps down- 

 wards in the series, from the south to the 

 north. Each of the strata above enume- 

 rated are concisely and well described, 

 and the most remarkable and character- 

 istic organic remains of each are deli- 

 neated in the third plate. On theoretic 

 points, we should have been belter pleased 

 if Mr. Mantell had less confidently re- 

 peated the very doubtful assertions, tliat 

 all the strata were originally deposited in 

 nearly horizontal layers: — that "rolled 

 Hints" form a breccia iin the Newhaven 

 strata : — and that, by an incautious men- 

 tion of the "Deluge," in page 15 and 16, 

 apparent conntenance is itiven to the niis- 

 cliicvous doctrines of an Oxford professor, 

 who persists in assigning to the No&hiaa 

 deluge, operations of extensive force and 

 violence, utterly inconsistent with the text 

 of Moses, and with the absence of human 

 remains tinder diluvian gravel. The se- 

 cond section of Mr. Mantell's work enume^ 

 rates, by their Linnean and their common 

 names, nineteen of the wild animals, and 

 mentions 

 and its envii^ns, before reaching the deep 

 and great rising spring of water, pent be- 

 neath, in the open fissures of the chalk, 

 which connectedly extend through its 

 mass, to the extensive and high chalk 

 downs, on the south and on the north sides 

 of London, whence these springs receive 

 from the rains, snow, &c. their almost in- 

 exhaustible supplies of water. It is owing 

 to a change of the dip, occurring along 

 the centre of the weald and forest districts 

 of Kent and Surrey Cdescribed in 1801$, in 

 Dr. Kces's Cyclopiedia, art. Denudation) 

 that the chalk and its superincumbent 

 sand, and plastic clay, &c. after rising 

 southward from under London, and bas- 

 seting ill the North or Surrey downs, again 

 sets-in, forms the South-downs, and passe.'» 

 under the Castle hill strata on the south 

 coast. Another and contrary change of 

 dip passes along the vale of the Thames, 

 through London, and occasions the olialk 

 beneath it to rise also towards the north, 

 and basset in the (.,'liiltern, Dunstable, anc^ 

 Koyslon dowii^, above alluded to, 



