194 Defects in the System of 



tage by having a pipe to go from tlieir 

 uppermost cooler or hack, and coii- 

 nected wi(li a worm in the riyer, to 

 wliicli worm another pipe is attaclied, to 

 convey the worts back to the under 

 cooler. 



In large !)reweries more than one 

 worm will be necessary, as the diameter 

 of the pipe should not exceed one inch. 

 By this method, the wort is cooled from 

 120° to about G0° as fast as it runs 

 through the worm. The first copper of 

 "wort will run through the worm or 

 worms before the second is ready to be 

 strained olT. It is not every one that 

 can adopt this plan ; but those who 

 liavc the opportunity should make use 

 of it, and they will be fully satisfied. 



In very small qiiiintities of wort, such 

 as is brewed by jjfivate families, if the 

 ■worm is fixed in a tub full of cold 

 ■water, it will answer very well, as the 

 •water can be drawn off when it gets 

 warm, and a fresh supply of cold water 

 added. In large breweries, nothing will 

 answer but a supply of cold water from 

 a river, unless there is sufficient meclia- 

 «ical power to continue pun)ping cold 

 water on the worm. 



To the Editor of the Monthly Magazine. 

 stR, 



I BEG leave, through llie medium of 

 this publication, to offer a few re- 

 marks to your readers on (what I pre- 

 sume to be) the defective system of the 

 internal canal navigation of this king- 

 dom, together with a few thuu^jhls on 

 the application of a practical remedy. 



First, — The scale of the canals is 

 evidently too large, for no bulk of goods 

 forwarded togetlicr countcrbalauces the 

 disadvantages encountered in oblaining 

 the end ; hence a great mistake appears 

 in the design and execution of this part 

 of public property ; an important ob- 

 jection is the involving so mucli capital, 

 that the high rates of tonnage prevent 

 the public reaping those benefits there- 

 from they might otherwise receive. In 

 this town (as well as many others) the 

 expense of land and wate.- carriage be- 

 tween it and the metropolis is so nearly 

 equal, as to give the preference in most 

 caics to laud-conveyance. From the 

 same cause, also, too great a bulk is 

 required to be forwarded together, par- 

 ticularly on the Grand Junction ; hence 

 the competition of small carriers is 

 destroyed, and goods are detained too 

 long in the receiving- wharfs to accumu- 

 late the needful quantity. 

 Secondly, — The I'rcqucut unpacking a 



the Canal Navigation. [April I, 



cargo, sent by the same conreyanoo to a 

 variety of places ; and, what is still 

 worse, a part thereof frequently passing 

 throMgh two carriers' hands, or different 

 boats, are so many temptations to plun- 

 der, that but few persons will venture 

 goods of a tempting quality into such 

 hands, where, indeed, they are generally 

 made to suffer for it, if they do. 



Thirdly, — Irregularity in delivery of 

 goods is a very general complaint, par- 

 ticularly in all places not situate in the 

 main line from London to the large 

 manufacturing towns, in consequence of 

 being left at places to wait for a second, 

 and, in some cases, third conveyance. 



Fourthly, — The circuitous lines of 

 most canals is not a small objection, as 

 it very much lengthens the distance, 

 adds to the expense, and impedes the 

 time of delivery. In some cases, this is 

 indispensable, but mnny canal sweeps 

 are of a very doubtrul or capricious 

 character. The Oxford canal is some- 

 what remarkable for this, particularly 

 near Rugby, where a sweep skirls 

 round a sliallow vale, I think for nearly 

 four miles, and returns within 150 or 

 200 yards of the same point, to avoid a 

 light embankment across it. 



First, — To obxiate these objections, 

 it appears to me that a canal on a 

 much smaller seale would answer the 

 ptirjiose. Suppose it were made lo 

 carry the quantity of a stage-waggon, 

 five tons only ; a very light canal would 

 carry this boat, and almost every town 

 in the vicinity of the line might employ 

 one or more on a weekly voyage; an(l, 

 as such a boat would contain no road- 

 gooils, the cargo would not be unpacked 

 until arrived at its destination;, hence 

 the possibility of plunder would be easily 

 prevented ; and, as such a quantity 

 would be soon collected, and pass 

 directly to its destination, the regularity 

 of conveyance would be equal to road- 

 waggons. 



Secondly, — As a canal on this smali 

 scale would require neither locks, tun- 

 nels, nor reservoirs, those enormous 

 absorbers of capital would accomplish 

 the conveyance of merchandise, not 

 only with more safety and regularity, 

 but on far more liberal terms, both by 

 a great reduction of the capital em- 

 ployed, and consequently tonnage, as 

 well as shortening the distance by more 

 direct lines. To endeavour to point 

 this out to your readers, I request their 

 attention to the following outlines of the 

 plan. 



Forthe scale of this canal, as itwould 

 require 



