1824.] Progress of Relig 



chiefly in pursuit of beavers. They 

 generally allow the different districts 

 where these animals are found, a perio- 

 dical respite of three years, visiting 

 them allernately in the autumn, in small 

 hunting parties. On these occasions 

 the Indians generally take their families 

 with them. The canoes used on the 

 lakes are partly from necessity, and 

 partly for the sake of convcnitnce, made 

 of basket- work, covered over outside 

 with deer-skins ; the latter requiring to 

 lie renewed commonly once in six 

 vrcc'ks. In construction, these canoes 

 resemiile those of the ancient Britons. 



Ths whole number of this tribe in 

 Newfoundland does not, in as far as I 

 could learn, much exceed 100. They 

 are generally di\ided into three bands; 

 one at Flat Bay in St. George's Bay, 

 one at Great Cod Bay river, and one at 

 Bay of Despair, near Weasel Island. 

 Part of them occasionally resort to two 

 or three favourite places on tiie coast. 



The altcnlion of government has seve- 

 ral times been turned towards endea- 

 vouring to open an intercourse with the 

 Red Indians. All attempts hitherto to 

 acconnilish this object have been unsuc- 

 cessful. The failure may, on very good 

 grounds, be attributed to the inter- 

 ference of the M icmacs. The latter are 

 jealous, lest, if any intercourse were 

 established with the English, the others 

 should share in the fur-trade. To pre- 

 vent this, Iht-y lake most effectual 

 methods of impressing these timid crea- 

 tures with a dread of their fire-arms, 

 and of leading them to entertain the 

 same fears from the fire-arms of the 

 English. 



The Red Indians are not numerous. 

 Judging from the extent of country 

 which they inhabit, their number cannot 

 exceed a few hundreds. They do not 

 appear to go now farther south into the 

 interior than the vicinity of the Great 

 Lake, the shorcs'of which they inhabit, 

 and which bears their name. They 

 communicate with the sea from this 

 lake by Exploit River. 



For the Monthly Magazine. 



SKETCHES of RELIcrOUS PEKSI'-CUTION. 

 (Continued from vol, 56, p. 506.) 



AT the begiiniiiig of the fourth epoch, 

 the fauKJUs llildebrand ascended 

 the pontifical throne, under the name of 

 Gregory VII. In the exercise of his 

 authority over ChriHtiau princes, ho 

 indulged in such horrid excesses and 

 l*arbarou5 practices as are scarcely cre- 



ioiis Persecution. 



301 



dible. The Emperor Henry III. who 

 had been denounced as an heretic by 

 the revolted Saxons, not appearing to 

 his citation, was exconimunicaled and 

 deposed by this pope, and another 

 sovereign chosen by Lis appointment. 



Here it may be necessary to remark, 

 tliat, from the division of the two em- 

 pires (lioman and Constantinopolitan,) 

 to tiie eleventh century, the Wcsteni 

 Ciiurch had constantly enjoyed a pro- 

 found peace; or, if it was ever slightly 

 interrupted, it was not by heretics or 

 heresies. But, when the union which 

 had existed between the popes and em- 

 perors was inl'ringcd, there was nothing 

 to prevent or prohibit the most impas- 

 sioned and tumultuous dissensions. The 

 popes and their numerous partisans 

 were for extending the authority of the 

 church beyond ail reasonable limits; 

 the emperors were for fixing bounds to 

 it. These contests gave rise to the here- 

 sies (so miscallrd) of the Arnaudists, 

 Vaudois, and Albigeois or Albigenses, 

 far more formidable than any that had 

 preceded them, which were confined to 

 certain mysteries of the faith; but the 

 sectaries of tlie twelith century boldly 

 attacked the Romish church in its most 

 vulnerable parts, — its morals, discipline, 

 and, more especially, the authority 

 which it had assumed. 



The Crusades, in every thing that 

 related to the morals of their institution, 

 tended to check all free, open, unre- 

 served discussion, by dogmatically pro- 

 scribing the Maliomedan religion. The 

 Roman pontiffs extended the principle 

 to the heretics of Christian states; and 

 under Alexander III. his legate, the 

 Abbot de Clairvaux, was seen at the 

 head of an army of fanatics, carrying 

 fire and sword into some of the finest 

 provinces of France. 



Pope Lucius 11. not finding the suc- 

 cess that was expected from this <;ru- 

 sading expedition, with a view to exter- 

 minate (he Leonists (les pauvres de 

 Lyons,) and other heretics of Narbonese 

 Gaul, assembled a great council at 

 Verona in 1184, wherein the Emperor 

 rrediric I. would assist. This council 

 adopted very rigorous measures: a de- 

 cree passed, that the counts, barons, 

 and other lords, under the obligation of 

 an oath, should use every means to dis- 

 cover and to punish heretics; in failure 

 of this, to be excommunicated, and to 

 lose their lands and employments. An 

 oath was also imposed on the inhabi- 

 tants, generally, to denounce to the 

 bishop, or his delegates, all suspected 

 6 persons, 



