240 
plants, without labour, but in a way 
that must be more beneficial than the 
usual one, by a watering-pot. A 
leaden pipe of half an inch bore, is in- 
troduced into one end of the house, in 
such a situation that the stop-cock, 
which is fixed in it, and which is used 
for turning on the supply of water, may 
be within reach; it is then carried 
either to the upper part or the back of 
the house, or to the inside of the ridge 
of the glass frame-work, being con- 
tinued horizontally, and in a straight 
direction the whole extent of the 
house, and fastened to the wall, or 
rafters, by iron staples, at convenient 
distances. From the point where the 
pipe commences its horizontal direc- 
tion, it is perforated with minute holes, 
Propagation of 
through each of which the water, when* 
turned on, issues in a fine stream, and, 
in descending, is broken, and falls on 
the plants, in a manner resembling a 
gentle summer shower. The holes are 
perforated in the pipe with a needle, 
fixed intoa handle like that of an awl; 
it being impossible to have the holes too 
fine, very small needles are necessarily 
used for the purpose, and in the opera- 
tion great numbers are of course broken. 
The situation of the holes in the pipe 
must be suchas to disperse the water in 
every direction that may be required, 
and in this particular the relative posi- 
tion of the pipe, and of the stations of 
the plants to be watered must be con- 
sidered, in making the perfo1ations. 
The holes are made, onan average, at 
about two inches distant from each 
other, horizontally, but are somewhat 
more distant near the commencement, 
and rather closer towards the termina- 
tion of the pipe, allowing thereby for 
the relative excess and diminution of 
pressure, to give an equal supply of 
water to each end of the house. A 
single pipe is sufficient for a house of 
moderate length. One house of Messrs. 
Loddiges, which is thus watered, is 
sixty feet long, and the only difference 
to be made in adapting the plan to a 
longer range, is to have the pipe lar- 
ger. The reservoir to supply the pipe 
must of course be so much above the 
levelas to exert a sufficient force on the 
water in the pipe, to make it flow with 
rapidity, as it will otherwise escape 
only in drops; and as too strong a 
power may be readily controlled by the 
stop-cock, the essential point to be at- 
tended to in this particular is to secure 
force enough. 
Walnut Trees. | April 1. 
On the Propagation of Vurieties of 
the Walnut-Tree by Budding 3 by 
THOMAS ANDREW KNIGHT, £sq. 
President. 
The ill-success of many attempts to 
propagate the walnut-tree by grafts or 
buds, led me, says Mr. Knight, in 
a former communication, to discourage 
all attempts to inerease it, except by 
seeds, or by grafting by approach. The 
advantages of propagating varieties of 
the walnut-tree by budding, will, I 
think, be found considerable, provided 
the buds be taken from young, or even 
middle-aged healthy trees; for, ex- 
clusive of the advantage of obtain- 
ing fruit from very young trees, the 
planter will be enabled to select 
not only such varieties as afford the 
best fruit, but also such as endure best, 
as timber-trees, the vicissitudes of cur 
climate, In this respect some degree 
of difference is almost always observable 
in the constitution of each individual 
seedling-tree; and this is invariably 
transferred with the graft or bud. 
The walnut, it is true, as a fruit, 
contains but little nutriment, and per- 
haps constitutes, at best, only an un- 
wholesome luxury; but the tree affords 
timber of much greater strength and 
elasticity, comparatively with its very 
low specific gravity, than any other of 
British growth, and it is consequently 
applicable to purposes for which no 
good substitute has hitherto been 
found ; the stocks of the musket of the 
soldier, and of the gun-of the sports- 
man. 
The buds of trees, of almost every 
species, succeed with most certainty 
when inverted in the shoots of the 
same year’s growth, but the walnut 
tree appears to afford an exception ; 
possibly in some measure because its 
buds contain, within themselves, in 
the spring, all the ‘leaves which the 
tree bears in the following summer ; 
whence its annual/shoots wholly cease to 
elongate soon after its buds unfold. All 
its buds of each season are also, conse- 
quently, very nearly of the same age: 
and long before any have acquired the 
proper degree of maturity for being re- 
moved, the annual branches have ceased 
to grow longer, or to produce new 
foilage. : 
To obviate the disadvantages arising 
from the preceding circumstances, I 
adopted means of retarding the period 
of the vegetation of the stocks, compa- 
ratively with that of the bearing tree § 
ah 
