1822.] 
and by these means I became partially 
successful. There are at the base of 
the annual shoots of the walnut, and 
other trees, where those join the year- 
old wvod, many minute buds, which 
are almost concealed in the bark ; 
and which rarely, or never, vegetate, 
but in the event of the destruction of 
the large prominent buds, which oc- 
cupy the middle, and opposite end of 
the annual wood. By inserting in 
each stock one of these minute buds, 
and one of the large and prominent 
kind, I had the pleasure to find that 
the minute buds took freely, whilst 
the large all failed, without a single 
exception. This experiment was re- 
peated in the summer of 1815, upon 
two yearling stocks which grow in 
pots, and had been placed, during the 
spring and early part of the summer, in 
a shady situation under a north wall, 
whence they were removed late in July 
to a forcing house, which I devote to 
experiments, and instantly budded. 
These being suffered to remain in the 
house during the following summer, 
produced from the small buds shoots 
nearly three feet long, terminating in 
large and perfect female blossoms, 
which necessarily proved abortive, as 
no male blossoms were procurable at 
the early period in which the female 
blossoms appeared ; but the early forma- 
tion of such blossoms sufficiently proves 
that the habits of abearing branch of 
the walnut tree may be tranferred to 
a young tree by budding, as well as by 
grafting by approach. 
The most eligible situation for the 
insertion of buds of this species of tree 
{and probably of others of similar ha- 
bits) is near the summit of the wood 
of the preceding year, and of course, 
wane near the base of the annual shoot ; 
and if buds of the small kind above- 
mentioned be skilfully inserted in such 
parts of branches of rapid growth, they 
will be found to succeed with nearly as 
much certainty as those of other fruit- 
trees, provided such buds be in a more 
mature state than those of the stocks 
into which they are inserted. 
On the Cultivation of the Under-ground 
and some other Onions; by JOHN 
WEDGWOOD, Esq. 
I never use the hoe to the plant, ex- 
cept for clearing the ground from weeds, 
when the onions have shot out their 
leaves to their full size, and when they 
begin to get a little brown at the top. I 
Monruy MAG. No, 366. 
Cultivation of Onions. 
24) 
clear arey all the soil from the bulb 
down to the ring, from whence proceed 
the fibres of the roots, and thus form a 
basin round each bulb, which catches 
the rain, and serves as a receptacle for 
the water from the watering-pot. I 
find that the old bulbs then immediately 
begin to form new ones, and if they are 
kept properly moist, and the svil is 
good, the cluster will be very large and 
numerous. This is not the only ad- 
vantage of this mode of treatment, as 
the bulbs thus grown above ground are 
much sounder than those formed be- 
neath the surface, and will keep much 
better ; indeed I find them to keep quite 
as well as any other sort ; but this was 
not the case until I adopted the plan I 
have described. 
Having said thus much on under- 
ground onions, I am tempted to give 
the result of three different trials of 
growing common onions, which I made 
this year for my own satisfaction :—My 
first mode was with the small bulbs of 
Portugal onions, sown in May, 1818, 
and which were of the size of small 
nuts; the ground was trenched two 
spades, graft-deep, but no dung was put 
in, and the bulbs were planted on the 
10th of March last, six inches apart, 
and the rows were at the same distance 
asunder: they have produced a very 
good crop of fine onions. The second 
mode was with onions sown in Septem- 
ber, 1818, and transplanted into rows, 
the same as in the preceding case, into 
the same ground, and at the same time. 
They did not produce bulbs so large as 
the first. The third mode was sowing 
the seed in drills. six inches asunder, 
and thinning the plants to about four 
inches distance. These were sown in 
the same soil, and on the same day 
that the others were planted, and pro- 
duced a very good crop; but not to be 
compared to the first, which had also 
the advantage of ripening at least a 
fortnight sooner. 
I planted also some small bulbs, of 
tle sowing of the early part of the spring 
of 1518, but they almost all went to 
seed, and when the flower-bud was 
pinched off, the bulb produced two new 
ones. My own conviction of the value 
of Mr. Knight’s method of sowing the 
seed in May, to form bulbs for the 
next year’s stock, is so great, that I 
shall for the future adhere to it, and 
only sow a little seed in the spring, to 
supply green onions. The kinds of 
onions I have sown are, the Portugal, 
2H the 
