1822. 
Coenr de Lion, ov the Third Crusade, 
a Poem, in sixteen Books, by Miss 
ELBANOR AWNE PORDEN, author of 
the Veils, the Arctic Expeditions, &c. 
is in the press. 
_ The Scripture Character of God; or, 
Discourses on the Divine Attributes ; 
by H. F. Burpur, M.A. is in the press. 
An experiment was lately made tiiis 
year to try the difference between the 
spade and ihe plough. <A field was 
taken, which was in beans last year, 
and oats the year before two ridges 
were dug and two ploughed alternately, 
and the whole was sown on the same 
day ; a part both on the ploughed and 
dug being drilled with the garden hoe ; 
the whole was reaped the same day ; 
and being thrashed out, the result was, 
that the dug sown broadcast was to the 
ploughed sown broadcast as fifty-five to 
forty-two. The dug and drilled was 
as twenty and a quarter to twelve anda 
quarter, upon the ploughed and drilled. 
The additional grain is not the only 
beneficial result gained by digging, as 
in this instance there was also a great 
deal more straw, and the land was free 
from weeds. 
: FRANCE. 
M. Gamba, banker of Paris, has ter- 
minated his journeys through the pro- 
vinaces of Caucasus and Georgia, under- 
taken by order of the French govern- 
ment in 1820 and 2i. The numerous 
documents and articles which he has 
collected, ave valuable in their relation 
.to science, as weil as io commercial 
and manufacturing interests. He was 
constantly attended in his travels by 
his son, M. J. Gamba, lieutenant of 
dragoons, who has just arrived in Paris 
froin St. Petersburgh. 
The first public opening of the Con- 
-servatory of the Arts and Sciences, took 
place on the 8th of January, and the 
“sitting was terminated by M. J. B. 
‘Say, who spoke-as follows: 
_“ Gentlemen,—Be not deceived, industry 
and civilization are one and the same thing, 
What places us above the barbarous hordes 
that traverse the desert wilds of Africa and 
America? We have occasion to consume pro- 
ductions, and we have the talent to produce 
them. The arts derive their birth from our 
wants, and it is the arts which lay the foan- 
dation of social order. United, they give a 
relish for labour; teach us to respect justice ; 
and if they do not entirely repress the vices 
und natural’ferocity of man, they always 
diminish thei in a great degree, and correct 
their pernicious effeets. 
“Tf itis evident that the arts render us bet~ 
ier, it is still more so that they make us bap- 
MontTuLy Maa. No, 36G, 
Literary and Philosophical Intelligence. 
249 
pier. Next to the satisfaction which man de- 
tives from the consciousness that he has done 
to his family, to his country, to all men, that 
gocd which in bis situation depended on him, 
his happiuess in this world springs from the 
sentiment of his existence, and the greatest 
possible developement of his faculties ; and 
this existence is the more complete—tbese 
faculties are the more fully exercised, the 
more he produces and consumes. It is gene- 
rally overlooked that in setting bounds to our 
desires, we voluntarily reduce man nearer to 
the level of the brute. True it is, that ani- 
mils enjoy those gifts which heaven sends 
them, and are content without those which 
heaven refuses. The Creator has done more 
for man; in making him capable of increasing 
the number of his necessities and his plea- 
sures, he has permitted him to extend the 
circle of his enjoyments. Hence, we but con- 
cur in the great end of our creation, and raise 
the dignity of our nature, when we seek ra- 
ther to multiply our productions than to limit 
our desires. 
“ You have, doubtless, heard it deplored, 
that coffee, chocolate, and a thousand other 
superfluities have been introduced, which, 
say many, our forefathers could do very well 
without. They also did without shirts; yet 
we are better for having contracted the want 
of them, although it has laid us under the ne- 
cessity of making them; especially, when 
we consider that the weaver, by manufactur~ 
ing the linen, gains wherewith to procure 
himself other enjoyments of the same kind. 
I have never been able to understand for 
what reasonable end we should forbid our- 
selves those enjoyments, which so dar from in- 
uring other men, are beneficial to them: and 
what can be the merit of privations from 
which no good results ? 
“ But do not imagine that the products of 
industry limit their effects to the supplying of 
corporeal wants. If we are enabled to en- 
lighten our minds by scientific resources ; if 
we can traverse the earth and measure the 
heavens ; if we can communicate our thoughts 
in spite of distance or time; ifthe imaginative 
arts attract our admiration to their master- 
pieces; if poetry and the stage offer us pleas- 
ing recreations—it is to a flourishing industry 
that we owe all these advantages.- A thou- 
sand such examples pass beiore your eyes. 
You will, perhaps, learn better than you have 
hitherto done, how far we have advanced in 
civilization, and how much farther ‘we are yet 
capable of advancing. 
‘We meet in the world with men attacked 
by a species of hydrophobia against every kind 
of progress—men, who, being themselves in- 
capable of contributing to the advancement of 
the human mind, think that nothing has been 
done, nothing discovered, noihing cleared up. 
Admirers of the past, they are blind to the 
metits of the present, and would fain ravish 
from us our hopes of the future. Let us learn 
to despise their objections, which, in the 
words of Montesquieu; haye no foundation 
21 but 
