1322] 
_vantage to the interests of commerce, of 
literaturo, of | orderly government, of 
Christian ascendancy, and of permea- 
bility. © This lust quality of countries 
fis ‘not yet acknowledged as essential to 
good neighbourhood, in treatises of in- 
ternational Jaw. Yet, as in cases of do- 
mestic policy, we cut a turnpike-road, 
or a canal, through the domains of any 
proprietor who occupies the expedient 
line of dircetion ; so, in cases of forciza 
policy, it seems rational to provide, 
with or without the consent of the poli- 
tical owner, for tha free passage of Ict- 
ters, wares, travellers, and cven armies. 
The ‘Turkish and Chinese empires are 
both impervious; and, as such, ought, 
by the amphictyonic council of collec- 
tive soverciens, to be subjected to such 
juternal regulations as may be necessary 
to secure a general liberty of thorough- 
fare, For this purpose a wholly new 
executive power is become internally 
requisite, and a partition of the mass is 
an easicr form of remedy than a re-or- 
ganization of the whole in its integrity. 
Suppose France had taken possession 
of Egypt; England of the Holy Land ; 
Persia of Asia-Minor ; Russia of Walla- 
chia, Moldavia, and the Delta of the 
Danube; Austria of Bosnia, Croatia, 
Servia, and the southern bank of the 
Danube ; and that the Greeks had been 
assisted to found an independent mo- 
narchy, or republic, extending from 
the Macedonian Pyrenees to the Morea, 
and including the isles of the Archipe- 
lago: what power, what mass cf indivi- 
duals, any where would have suffered by 
the change? Only the Ottoman dynasty. 
The Turks, who could not have lived 
comfortably in European Greece, would 
have found in Asia-Minor an enlight- 
enced Mahometan sovereignty, and there 
have sought an asylum. — All the other 
provinces would have been annexed to 
governments amply competent to the 
wise direction of their resources. If 
Sweden, if Prussia, had complained of 
being omitted in the division of the 
spoil, Russia might have receded in fa- 
your of the one from part of Finland, in 
favour of the other from part of Poland, 
and might have reecived Adrianople 
and Constantinople as equivalent to such 
concessions, It shouid scem, there- 
fore, that a short summer’s armament 
might hayc hitched the printing presscs, 
and the connected civilization of modern 
Europe, to Cairo, to Jerusalem, to 
Antioch, to Constantinople, to Athens, 
and to Yassi. 
The cflects of such a change on Eurce 
Hammer's Constantinople and the Bosphorus, 
333 
pean policy in general would haye been 
highly advantageous. Franco, provided 
in Egypt with a drain for her exuberant 
population, would become less resiless 
and agitable, less apt to covet contigu- 
ous extension, less liable to the. con- 
guest-fever ; in short, a safer neighbour. 
England would explore and illustrate 
the religious antiquities of Palestine, and 
would establish along the Persian gulf 
an easy and rapid trallic with her Indian 
empire. Persia, again mistress of the 
territory once consolidaied as the Par- 
thian empire, would find the ancient 
seats of magnificeice again resuming 
their primzeval importance, Russia 
would transfer her metropolis to the 
coasts of the Euxine, would adopt the 
language and acquire the manners of a 
softer climate, and would condense a 
new civilization around Odessa, Cher- 
son, Bucharest, Galatz, and the other 
havens of a once inhospitable sea. 
This would change both the language 
and the spirit of the Russian cabinet, 
which would hencefo:th become a 
southern, not a northern power, and 
would suffer Sweden and Prussia gradu- 
ally to usurp on its Baltic ascendancy, 
and its snowy Arctic deserts. Austria, 
attracted lower down the Danube by the 
conyenicace of administration, would 
adopt Bada for a metropolis, Hunga- 
rian for the national language, and would 
insensibly relinquish that influence over 
the German empire which is new ex- 
erted with an illiberality so odious. 
The Greeks, a new force ia alliance 
with Russia, would probably choose 
Salonica for their seat of government; 
because the nature of nodern commerce 
eventually plants the largest town on 
the largest river; and, under the gui- 
dance of their superstitious priesthood, 
they would more closely emulate the 
Maccdonians of Saint. Paul, than. the 
Athenians of a prior period. Still this 
nation would acquire great marilime as- 
cendancy in the Mediterranean, would 
employ the piratical sailors now in. the 
service of the barbarians, and be able to 
suppress the irregular and buccancering 
spisit which renders the African havens 
rather formidable than useful. 
Tuis book of Mr. Hammer, though 
not directed to instigate a partition of 
Purkey, is well adapted to revive the 
inclination for such a diplomatic expe- 
riment, by the detailed description 
which it gives of the fascinating natural 
alvantages of the country, aud by the 
melancholy picture which it includes of 
its moral aud political disadvantages. 
Why 
