1822.] 
firmed by the certificate and signatures 
of Count Montholon, Baron Mounier, 
and the Duke of Bassano. The work 
contains in part highly interesting do- 
cuments towards the history of the 
age,—from the time when he saw him- 
self suddenly put out of activity, as 
general of brigade, till the commence- 
ment of the war; there is a plan for 
the improvement of ‘Turkish artillery, 
with several pieces relating to the 
Italian campaign, entirely in his own 
hand. But by far the most remark- 
able; most important, and boldest do- 
cument, is the plan for the first Spa- 
nish campaign, which he dictated to 
the Duke of Abrantes; accompanied 
by a great many notes, developing his 
secret plans respecting the boundaries 
of France and Austria. 
GERMANY. 
A German translation is in prepa- 
ration, by M. Corra, of Tubingen, of 
Sir Richard Phillips’s new System of 
Physical Philesophy. ‘The country of 
Kepler is a soil in which philosophical 
truth can scarcely fail to flourish, pro- 
vided Societies have not been formed 
there, the members of which stand 
pledged to one another to support all 
existing opinions, and render all en- 
quiry subservient to the prejudices of 
their own education. 
An immense skeleton of the mam- 
moth, and another of an elephant, have 
been dug up in the district of Honter, 
in Hungary. 
ITALY. 
Canova is said to have just finished 
an admirable group of Mars and 
Proceedings of Public Societies. 
439 
Venus, which is designed for George 
the Fourth. 
By the munificence of the Pope, the 
triumphal arch of Titus at Rome is 
about being restored to its ancient 
splendour. The labours in the Coli- 
seum are also rapidly proceeding, and 
it is hoped that it will soon again be 
seen in its pristine form. An Egyp- 
tian obelisk, covered with hierogly- 
phics, which once belonged to the 
circus of Aurelian, and which had 
been presented by a princess of the 
house of Barberini to Pope Ganga- 
nelli,isshortly to be raised in the square 
of the twelve Apostles. 
Accounts from Rome state the num- 
ber of Jesuits now living in Europe 
and America to be about 2000. The 
same number was left by their founder 
at his death. Their present general 
is Father Fortis, who resides in Rome. 
In Italy and Sicily alone there are 
700 Jesuits, who already occupy 
eighteen colleges. Atthe time of their 
suppression, the number of Jesuits 
amounted to 22,000. 
FRANCE. 
The Royal Library of France in 
1791 possessed 150,600 volumes, now 
it has 450,000; in 1783 it had only 
2,700 portfolios with prints, now it has 
5,700; and, as the library annually 
increases its stock with 9,000 works, 
(viz. 3,000 foreign, and 6,000 French,) 
the number would be doubled within 
fifty years. Yetitis to be regretted 
that, from want of room, a great many 
of these books are still packed up in 
boxes, or are lying about the floors. 
PROCEEDINGS OF PUBLIC SOCIETIES. 
a 
LITERARY AND PHILOSOPHICAL SOCIETY 
OF MANCHESTER. 
Remarks tending to facilitate the Analy- 
sis of Spring and Mineral Waters ; 
by JouN DALTON. 
T cannot but fall under the obser- 
vation of every one, that the health 
and comfort of families, and the con- 
veniences of domestic life, are mate- 
rially affected by the supply of that 
most necessary article, water. The 
quality of water is undoubtedly of 
great importance in the arts of brew- 
ing, baking, and various others con- 
nected with the preparation of food ; 
as also in the washing and bleaching 
of linen and cotton, and in other ope- 
ration where cleanliness is the object 
in view. Many of the manufactories 
are materially interested likewise in 
the qualities of water, and in the me- 
thods of rendering it subservient to 
their exigencies whenit happens to be 
presented to them in an obnoxious 
form. On all these accounts I thought 
it might be of some service to offer a 
few remarks on the subject, which, 
perhaps, may benefit those who have 
not made the science of chemistry. a 
peculiar object of study. 
Most writers consider the analysis 
of waters as a problem requiring great 
skill and acquaintance with chemistry ; 
but the modern improvements in that 
science have rendered it much less so 
than formerly, It is true, that the 
variety 
9 
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