1822.) 
deficient ; it cannot, therefore, claim a 
right to unqualified admiration. I 
have already said, that the analytical 
system is, in many instances, discou- 
raged, and that there is no proportion- 
ate advancement.of the mathematical 
sciences. The late professor Milner 
did nothing; when he was a young 
man, in the ardour of youthful appli- 
cation, he made a few discoveries re- 
specting the limits of the roots of 
equations; but, after his election to 
the professorship of mathematics, he 
seemed entirely to neglect them. 
With the present professor the case is 
different; he has admirably -endea- 
voured to introduce the new calculus 
which, in the hands of Lagrange and 
Laplace, produced such astonishing 
effects in physical science. The right 
to make the foregoing observations 
cannot be denied: the universities de- 
rive their existence and their support 
from the public; not their pecuniary 
support, but that support connected, 
with their very existence, viz. the 
younger members of the public. They 
undoubtedly ought to be regulated, or 
at least to be examined, by public 
opinion ; and, it surely is not unreason- 
able to be curious concerning those in- 
stitutions where the efficient members 
of the commonwealth are educated, 
and where such claims are incessantly 
held out to public confidence and ad- 
miration. A JOHNONIAN. 
London. 
——— 
For the Monthly Magazine. 
OBSERVATIONS on BRAZIL, by BARON 
LANGSDORF, RUSSIAN CONSUL-GENE- 
RAL im that COUNTRY. 
AVING been called upon by 
friends and strangers, I here 
give them, as an answer to their re- 
peated enquiries, the following obser- 
vations on Brazil, which they have to 
consider as the result of a seven years’ 
residence in the province of Rio 
Janeiro. 
I have written these observations 
principally with reference to those 
who wish to settle in Brazil. But I 
have no intention to persuade my 
German countrymen to emigrate thi- 
ther, but simply to call their attention 
to a country, which, being almost as 
yet unknown, is quite as extensive as 
Europe ; a country, upon which, for 
the last twelve years, the eyes of the 
rest of the civilized world have been 
directed. 
I shall attempt to display to those 
Observations on Brazil; by Baron Langsdorf. 
511 
who might otherwise be desirous of 
leaving their own land, the advan- 
tages, as well as the disadvantages, 
which they would have to encounter 
in emigrating to that country. 
Without entering into political to- 
pics, I will only endeavour to shew to 
those colonists, who wish to settle 
there, that it is the interest of every 
wise government to protect its sub- 
jects; but, in a less populous state, to 
look to the increase of the population 
and the industry arising from it; for 
which reason, the Portuguese govern- 
ment ought to favour the emigration 
to the country. 
The new political events in Portu- 
gal can have no injurious effect on 
the emigrants ; for, as strangers, they 
must be treated with friendship and 
lenity under every form of government. 
Whoever knows the connexion be- 
tween Portugal and Brazil, must bé 
aware that the small kingdom of Por- 
tugal will, without foreign aid, scarcely 
be able to maintain itself; whilst the 
large and wealthy kingdom of Brazil 
may very well subsist by its own re- 
sources. 
The Portuguese nation, proud and 
ambitious in her greatness and glory, 
from the discovery of the East Indies 
down to our times, felt herself op- 
pressed and offended under a foreign 
mercantile yoke, shook it off without 
bloodshed, and without example, in 
the midstof these political revolutions, 
and a new form of government, dis- 
played with great firmness her attach- 
ment to her king and his family. 
These well-known events in Portu- 
gal, and the consequence arising from 
them for Brazil, can have no other in- 
fluence on the new colonists, but the 
better protection of their property under 
a more stable form of government, and 
their enterprizes being more promoted. 
Whilst we have noticed for some years 
past, in the Spanish possessions of 
South America, discord, civil war, 
bloodshed, and a complete dissolution 
between the mother-country and her 
colonies, I am of opinion that the na- 
tural ties between Portugal and Brazil 
will only be more rivetted together. 
Nay, I am firmly convinced, that, at all 
events, the kingdom of Brazil, founded 
by John VI. will sooner or later arrive 
to the highest summit of power and 
prosperity. 
I will now proceed to describe the 
situation, climate, produce, and ferti- 
lity of Brazil; then call the attention 
of 
