1822.] 
potatocs,* anaize,t mandioca, or bread- 
root,} bananas,|| may be sown on every 
day of the year ; and, after a proper pe- 
riod, also, reaped on every day. 
Some other European vegetables, 
such as cauliflowers, artichokes, car- 
rots, beet-root, &c. seem not to thrive 
so well. 
The fertility bears the same propor- 
tion to the rapid growth. I will only 
mention one instance of it. A clergy- 
man, named Correia, one of the first 
agriculturists, living between the 
mountains of Estrella, reaped from 
one bushel of rice five hundred. -The 
usual harvest of maize is 120-130. 
But itis no rare occurrence, im some 
good years, and on particularly good 
soil, to reap 200 and more from one. 
The coffee-trees here yield from, at 
Yeast, two to three pounds a-year ; fre- 
quently, they produce as much as five 
and six pounds, and seme trees have 
been known to yield as much as ten 
and twelve pounds,—a circumstance 
unequalled in any other part of the 
world. 
In the royal nursery in Lagoa de 
Frieres, one league and a half from 
Rio de Janciro, trees may be scen 
¢ mimosa lebbeck), the seed of which has 
‘been brought from the isle of France, 
and which, three years after their 
planting, measure above thirty feet in 
height, and above ten inches in diameter. 
The usual way of making an inclo- 
sureisthis. Branches, er stems of va- 
rious trees, are, during rainy weather, 
stuck fresh cut into the ground. 
These, for the most part, take root, 
(perhaps not ten in a hundred may 
fail,) and form in a very short time the 
requisite hedge. 
Chili and Peru, although in the same 
Te PESE2 5 AE eR ae > BE a 
* The potatoes grow better in the 
higher provinces of Minas Geraes and St. 
Paul, than in the warm and low districts of 
Rio Janciro. 
t The maize cultivated in the country 
only vipens twice a-year; but, by intro- 
ducing the quickly ripening kinds from the 
south of France and Italy, I am of opinion 
that it might be reaped oftener. 
¢ Thisisa very nourishing and whole- 
some food, which requires a peculiar pre- 
paration; but there is also a sweet man- 
dioca-root, which only requires to be 
boiled in water, alter which itresembles the 
chesnut in taste, 
|| The banana, or plantain, is a sweet, 
pleasant, and very nutritious fruit, which, 
when bosled, or broiled, tastes almost like 
paneake with sugar, and is also very plea- 
sawt in itstaw state. : 
Montru_y Mas, No. 369. 
Present State of Brazii; by Baron Lungsdorf. 
513 
latitude, cannot be compared to Bra- 
zil; fer, should even the fertility of 
the ground be the same there, they 
have not that abundant varicty of natu- 
ral produce, nor docs their scenery 
offer the same beauties to the eye. 
With less forest, those countries bear 
quite an European appearance. They 
certainly possess rich copper and silver 
mines, yet the gold and diamond mines 
in Brazil are richer. Besides this the 
whole nation, beyond the Cordilleras, 
is in a state of revolution ; and, there- 
fore, unable to offer to a stranger a se- 
cure settlement, much less any pecu- 
liar advantages. 
Let ‘us now shortly compare Brazil 
with other countries of America; for 
instance, the United States of North 
America, the West Indian Islands, tie 
English, French, Spanish, Dutch, and 
other possessions, to see whether they 
offer any advantages like these. Inthe 
United States, the poorer classes of 
emigrants are now sent many hundred 
miles into the interior ; they are obliged 
to earn their travelling expences, 
slave-like, by hard labour, generally 
for two years and a half, after which 
they receive their freedom, together 
with clothing. and ten dollars, with 
which they are left to try their fortune, 
and to buy lands. 
The climate of North America is 
gencrally rude aud less fertile than 
Brazil, very unhealthy, and exposed 
to infectious and dangerous fevers. 
This is also the case in the West In- 
dies, the Havannah, St. Domingo, 
Jamaica, Surinam, Guadaloupe, Mar- 
tinique, &e. where many thousand in- 
dustrious Europeans have met with a 
premature death. 
Another objection to the settlement 
in these countries is the dreadful 
storms and hurricanes of which we can 
form no conception in Europe, and 
which often ruin the most industrious 
proprictor or farmer in a very short 
time. In one night, in one hour, and 
frequently in a few minates, his whole 
hope, and the labour of many years, are 
destroyed ; his fruit-trees are torn cut 
by the roots, all the plantations ruined, 
and his dwellings reduced to a heap of 
rubbish. 
The case is quite the reverse in 
Brazil. Were they know of no infec- 
tious diseases, nor has the land ever been 
exposed to the violence of the weather, 
For this reason the property, in such a 
country, is more secure and of grater 
value. 
on To 
