60 
return to the House of Correction when 
once released.” 
9, That, in consequence of the above 
mischiefs found practically and essentially 
to appertain to the tread-wheel, its em-. 
ployment, notwithstanding its enormous 
expence in erecting, is of very limited ex- 
~ tent, and cannot or ought not to be exer- 
cised over more than one half of the de- 
Nnquents to whom if was originally appro- 
priated: female prisoners, as observed 
above, being already considered as unfit 
subjects of its discipline, as are also those 
who are labouring under consumptions, 
ruptures, aud various other’ weaknesses, 
or a tendency to such weaknesses. 
10. Vhat, while it is regarded as a lead- 
ing principle of justice in all countries, to 
proportion the kind and degree of punish- 
nrent to the kind and degree of crimina- 
lity, the discipline of the tread-wheel 
offers, not merely one kind alone, but one 
degree alone, of infliction upon prisoners of 
every Class: so that the beggar, the 
poacher, the shoplifter, and the house- 
breaker, are, under its dominion, all and 
equally sentenced, so long as they continue 
in confinement, to the same kind and the 
same undistinguished degree of severe 
and perilous suffering ; though nothing can 
be more manifest than their respective 
gradations of delinquency. 
41. That it is hence absoluiely expedi- 
ent for the purposes of the first principles 
of justice, as well as for those of carrying 
into practical effect the salutary applica- 
tion of hard prison labour, in the full 
British Legislation: 
[Aug. 1,) 
spirit as well as letter of the Statute, that’ 
means of discipline of a very different de-' 
scription from that of the tread-wheel 
sheuld be resorted to. 
12. That the discipline of the hand. 
crank mill, or machinery, already employed 
inthe National Penitentiary on the banks 
of the Thames, as well as in numerous 
other prisons, when it has received those 
improvements of which it is so obviously 
susceptible, and which are now in actual 
preparation, with all the facilities for en- 
forcing and graduating the infliction of 
hard mannal labour, appears to offer a 
considerable approach to this desirable 
object; affords to the workers the natural 
position of standing firm upon the feet, and 
on firm ground ; calls into full exertion the 
muscles of the hands, arms, and cliest ; 
divides the exercise ¢ nally anrong those 
organs that are intended by nature for 
muscular motion, instead of limiting it to 
those that are either never designed, or 
not ordinarily designed, for such purpose ; 
increases the general health and strength, 
instead of counteracting them; and 
hereby prepares every prisoner, so work~ 
ed, for applying himself, with greater 
facility, to a variety of handicraft and 
other trades after his discharge from con- 
finement than he possessed before his com- 
mitment to prison; and renders, in fact, 
the habitual use of hard manual labour a 
great and permanent good, instead of 
what may possibly be a serious and lasting 
evil. 
BRITISH LEGISLATION. 
=i 
ACTS PASSED iz the THIRD YEAR of the REIGN of GEORGE THE FOURTH, or in the 
~ THIRD SESSION of the SEVENTH PARLIAMENT of the UNITED KINGDOM, 
—<I_ 
AP. LXXXE. To amend the Laws 
relating to Bankrupts. 
Comumissiouers empowered to summon 
witnesses as to trading and act of bank- 
yuptey.—Persons refusing to attend may 
be apprehended.—Persons refusing to be 
examined, or to prodace books, &c, may 
be committed.—Lord Chancellor may 
order bankrupts to join in conveyances.— 
Lord Chancellor may vacate deeds of bar- 
gains and sales, 5 G. 2. c. 30. and a new 
Dargain and sale may be executed.— Joint 
commissions may be issned against two or 
more of the partners ina firm,— Joint cre- 
ditors of three or more partners may vote 
in the choice of assignees in certain cases. 
— Assignees may use the names of partners 
in suits. 
Cap. LXXXIT. For reducing’ the 
Duties of Excise payable upon Salt’ 
England, and repealing the Dutics upon 
Salt (not being Foreign Salt ), and re- 
ducing the Duties upon Foreign Salt 
payable in Scotland. d 
Cap. LXXXIIE. _ Zo repeal the 
additional Duties and Drawbacks on 
Leather, granted and allowed by Two 
Acts of his late Majesty, and to grant 
other Drawbacks in lieu thereof, and to 
secure the Duties on Leather. 
Cap. LX XXIV. . To authorize cer- 
iain temporary Advances of Money, for 
the Relief of the Distresses existing in 
Treland. 
Cap. LXXXV. To allow peremptory 
Challenge of Furorsin Criminal Trials in 
Scotland. ; 
In criminal trials the prosecutor and 
pauncl may challenge five of the jurors 
without assigning any reason.— Provided 
always, that after each challenge made by 
any of the said parties respectively, it shall 
be incumbent upon the judge to chuse 
anothe 
