1823.) 
books, and those of the third to write in 
large characters. To these succeeds Arith- 
metic, with all the operations of calcula- 
tion, and lessons of Geometry for such as 
are more advanced. 
In the class of Natural History, which in- 
cludes Elements of Mineralogy, Botany, 
and Zoology, archetypes of Animals, 
Plants, Minerals, are laid before the 
learner for‘,his inspection; notices are 
added of their properties, and the use to 
be made of them; interrogatives then re- 
trace what has been so announced. 
In another elementary class for Geogra- 
phy, the young of both sexes, arranged in 
couples, a boy by a girl, make answer to 
different questions on a blank chart, con- 
taining, without any names of places, the 
bare lineaments of countries, mountains, 
rivers, &c. 
Historical knowledge is communicated, 
as it were, by the senses, by large tablets 
suspended to the wall, and arranged by 
centuries. Each of these comprehends the 
important events, the illustrious charac- 
ters, the progress of industry and the arts; 
pourtrays a picture of the buildings, re- 
markable monuments, armour, costume, 
tools, instruments for ploughing, &c. per- 
tainiiig to each-nation at the time. A 
familiar acquaintance with the history of 
their own country, and its vast acquisitions 
abroad, is especially inculeated. 
We attended, also, to a singing class. 
Little songs or hymns, adapted to their ca- 
pacities, and made expressly for young 
persons, borrowed from scenes of nature 
and interesting situations of life, sung alter- 
nately, with their variations, by tender, 
melodious, animated, voices, give to this 
part of instruction all the characters of a 
family féte. 
Proceeding onwards to the dancing- 
room, we observe twenty young petsons, 
divided into couples, a boy and girl, each 
dancing, with measured steps, to the sound 
of lively music. Most of them were bare- 
legged and barefooted. We noticed, also, 
some little boys, with only a Scotch jacket 
on, and a sort of trowsers that descend 
below the knee, Though this may have 
the appearance of a want of neatness, we 
were assured that these children are habi- 
tuated to wash their feet at least twice a- 
day, that they are very cleanly, and that 
this practice is sure to render them more 
active, strong, and vigorous. ‘Three 
large covered baths, one hot, and two 
cold, are reserved for their use, 
We were next conducted to the arena of 
gymnastics, where an uproarious sort of 
merriment, subjected, however, to regular 
movements, was the leading impulse. The 
evolutions and exercises appeared very 
proper to develop the muscular force of 
the young, and toserve as recreations after 
studies and sedentary labours, 
M. Jullien’s Visit to Lanark. 
197 
The employment of time is measured 
out, by distributions, for every twenty- 
four hours, as follows:—Seven hours for 
sleep ; half an hour, according to their reli- 
gious profession, for prayers, or devotional 
exercises ; half an hour for dressing and 
the toilette; ten hours for learning in 
classes, or for labour in the looms, frames, 
&c. and six hours for meals and bodily ex- 
ercises or recreations. 
There is no special mode of religious in- 
struction, but simple moral sentiments, 
sincerity, veracity, the love of God and 
our neighbour, &c. are inculeated ; parti- 
cular points of taith and practice are left 
to the parents. The capacities and dispo- 
sitions of the children are thoroughly at- 
tended to; they are addressed as reason- 
able beings, who ought to perform what is 
right by moral suasion. Pure and honour- 
‘able motives are recommended, as giving 
a stamp and direct character to all the 
virtues, 
For reading, select passages from the 
New Testament, little Biographical Nar- 
ratives of Voyagers, Warriors, Agriculteurs, 
Artisans, and even of humble Labourers, 
that by their good conduct extended their 
reputation beyond the boundaries of their 
neighbourhood, supporting a Consequence 
which opulence, alone, would not bestow. 
Mr. Owen is not for humiliating man in 
his own opinion; his practice and experi- 
ments, far from degrading the human 
faculties, act as guarantees to their effi- 
ciency. 
Besides the various modes of instruction 
here indicated, the girls are taught needle- 
work and other matters suitable to their 
sex, after the rate of three shillings a-year 
for each. ‘This price is so moderate, that 
all may take a part in the benefit. So 
many different articles of elementary in- 
struction, in the establishments for educa- 
tion in England, would not cost less than 
twenty or twenty-five pounds per annum. 
The masters and mistresses are twenty in 
number. ‘Their stipends vary, according 
to the nature of what they teach, from fifty 
or eighty shillings, to more than double 
permonth. Children are admitted, at the 
age of ten, into the different manufactories, 
yet reserving some hours, every day, for 
their studies; they will then earn halfa- 
crown or three shillings a week. 
In these manufactories, every thing has 
an air of neatness, and the rooms are well 
aired, and free from every disagreeable 
scent or insalubrious vapour, It would 
take up too much room to describe all the 
different labours, the air of contentment 
and satisfaction in the workmen, the vati- 
ous inventions of Mr. Owen in the working 
of cotton, &c. One is called ‘The Devil’; 
it has a ventilator adapted to it, which car- 
ries off all the dust through an aperture in 
the wall, so that the people have the pe 
nefit 
