198 
nefit of a pure air ard free respiration. 
Here are foundries, forges, shops for car- 
penters, joiners, turners, painters, and gla- 
ziers. Whatever is necessary for the peo- 
ple to carry on their labours, is made by 
themselves and within the colony. About 
thirty thousand pounds weight of cotton 
are manufactured per week. The raw 
cotton comes from Glasgow, and is brought 
up along the’ Clyde; when spun, it is 
packed up and expedited for Glasgow, 
and thence into the interior of England, 
or sent abroad, to Hamburgh, Peters- 
burgh, &c. 
In the spinning, marks of four different 
colours, white, yellow, btue, and black, 
placed over each workshop, indicate, on 
the spot, the conduct and management of 
the workman. We were pleased to find 
almost all the marks with the white face, 
but few with the yellow, fewer still with 
the blue, and not a single one sith the 
black. Most of the curious visitors, to the 
number of about 1800, that have come to 
visit the colony this year, express their as- 
tonishment at the few subjects of com- 
plaint that arise where the individuals are 
so numerous, and where the whole regimen 
of discipline is solenient. Full-grown men 
get about 12s. a-week ; women, 8, 9, or 
10s. little girls, according to their ages 
and occupations, from 3 to 8 or 9s. The 
labourers, smiths, carpenters, masons, and 
others, get about half-a-crown a-day. 
The mixture of the two sexes gives rise 
to no disorders; a few marriages every 
year are the only consequence, and these 
commonly turn ont well, being the effect 
ofa discreet selection. Here aretndividu- 
als of different religions persuasions, 
Methodists, Anabaptists, Quakers, Inde- 
pendants, &c. but the greater number are 
of the Scotch Presbyterian church. No 
dissensions grow out of this heterogeneous 
assemblage ; no one is found to be indiffer- 
ent for the religion 6f which he makes 
profession, and yet a spirit of the most 
liberal toleration pervades all. 
The Sundays are appropriated to devo- 
tion, tranquillity, and repose. ‘The time is 
usefully and agreeably employed in pions 
‘readings, some exercises of religion, in 
household arrangements, and promenades. 
Cabarets, noisy sports and dancing, would 
only disturb the sanctity of such a day. 
Where there are families, little portions of 
land are allotted to them for the culture of 
leguminous plants. 
No steam-engines are employed ; all the 
trades are set to work by a vast piece of 
machinery, to which an impulsion is given 
by water. Mr. Owen explained to me, 
that by means of certain mechanical inven- 
tions, 240.000 persons could now go 
through the work, which, according to the 
ancient process, would have required 
nearly thirty millions of hands. ; 
On the Projeeted Tunnel under the Thames, and 
[Oct. ft, 
The founder of New Lanark, like Julius 
Cesar, , 
“Nil reputans actum, si quid superesset 
agendum,” (Lucan,) 
thinks he has never done enough, if he sees 
any good that yet remains to be done. In 
1819, he undertook a journey to Aix-la- 
Chapelle, to try if he could prevail upon 
any of the monarchs assembled at the Con- 
gress to enter, with their immense means 
of power and influence, into his philanthro- 
pic views. He then published a Memoir, 
in three ‘languages, English, French, and 
German, addressed to the governments of 
Europe and America, on the subject. 
May his countrymen be exhorted to 
cultivate a taste for the like application, 
studies, and pursuits! May they no longer - 
be inattentive to those virtuous duties and 
exercises which are necessary to soften the 
austerities of poverty, in their dependents ; 
and, in short, may the power of giving a 
sound education, as the substratum on 
which future knowledge and worthy habits 
are to be built and acquired, together with 
the means of subsistence and patronage, 
be ever vested in the hands of such men as 
Mr. Owen! 
— 
To the Editor of the Monthly Magazine. 
SIR, 
E AVING observed that the very 
able mechanician, Mr- Brunel, 
is endeavouring tc revive the project, 
on which Messrs. Dodd and Vazie 
made abortive attempts seyeral years 
ago, of tunneling under the Thames, 
and so forming an archway for car- 
riages, across under its bed, where 
the navigating of ships precludes the 
erection of a bridge, I beg to offer a 
few remarks on the subject. 
Mr. B. proposes to effect an exca- 
vation thirty-four feet in breadth, and 
eighteen feet and a half in height: 
the body of his tunnel of bricks to be 
preceded by a strong framing of cor-' 
responding dimensions, made in eleven 
distinct parts, containing three cellsin 
each, for protecting thirty-three men, 
whilst exeavating the earth before 
them; in such a manner, that six alter- 
nate parts of the framing may be 
forced forwards by machinery, whilst 
the other parts remain stationary ; and 
yet so as to admit of bricking the tun- 
nel close after the frames. 
I cannot say that I comprehend how 
the framing is to be introduced into 
the ground, or how its parts are to be 
prevented from becoming immovably 
fixed, by the great and irregular pres- 
sure and giving way of the surround- 
ing 
