1823.] 
to offices of public instruction in the 
Catholic gymnasium of Mrfurt. 
FRANCE, 
The establishments for different 
kinds of enlture, raised lately on the 
banks of the Senegal, afford satisfac- 
tory results. The plantations of cotton 
trees, commenced by persons who, for 
the most part, had no experience in the 
management of colonial productions, 
have succeeded. Al the leguiminous 
plants of Europe are inured to the cli- 
mate, and in a forward state of repro- 
duction ; several species have reaclied 
the second and third generation. These 
nourishing vegetables, most’ of which 
were unknown in the country, are 
now growing, in abundance, in the 
cultivated parts. As to the plants 
properly colonial, the success has sur- 
passed whatever could be hoped. 
Bight months sufice for the growth of 
a manioc, seven feet high; for superb 
beds of sugar-canes; ananas, in 
fruit; banana-trees, showing their pro- 
ducts; more than 2000 young citron- 
trees ; coffee-trees, in particular, sown, 
raised, growmg wonderfully without 
shelter. 
The Royal and Central Society of 
Agriculture, in its public sitting of 
April 6, (wherein the Minister of Inte- 
rior presided,) adjudged to M. Arnol- 
let, engineer ef bridges and causeways, 
the first prize of the competition that 
has been open for several years, for 
the perlecting of hydraulic machines. 
it appears from kis Report, that the 
machinery invented by M. <A. will 
New Patents and Mechanical Inventions. 
3353 
produce, with the same force, effects 
double to those of any hitherto known. 
They act and move by men, horses, 
steam-engines, and by agents of varia- 
ble powers, such as wind, water, in 
different degrees of force, varying ac- 
cording to the condition of the moving 
power. This system of machinery will 
apply to irrigations and drainings, 
where the water is of moderate depth, 
to merchant-ships, or those of higher 
decks, to draw water from the deep- 
est wells, or raise it to the highest. 
Two years ago M. J. Dortic, one of 
the mapagers of the experimental 
farm of La Gironde, published an in- 
teresting Notice on the Culture of 
Cotton, and on the possibility of intro- 
ducing it into La Gironde, and other 
southern departments of France. This 
treatise excited much curiosity among 
the agriculteurs of Lot and Garonne ; 
trials were made, and proved so far 
successful, that the prefect determined 
upon applying to the Minister of Inte- 
rior for certain sums to purchase the 
grains of herbaceous cotton. These 
were accordingly distributed, in the 
beginning of 1822, among different 
proprietors in the district of Nerac. 
The success has been complete, wher- 
ever the same care and attention have 
been paid, as in the culture of tobacco 
or maize. ‘The Count of Beaumont 
at Buzet, Messrs, Pujos and Lespeault 
of Nerac, and De Montant at Durance, 
had each a crop of perfect growth, as 
to the grain, and the product is re- 
markably fine. 
NEW PATENTS AND MECHANICAL INVENTIONS. 
—_— 
To Tuomas Martin and Cuartes 
Grarton, of Birmingham, Printing- 
Ink Manufacturers, for making fine 
light Black of very superior Colour, 
called Spirit Blach, and anew Appa- 
vatus for producing the same. Oct. 
24, 1821. 
HLEY take common coal-tar, and 
divest it as much as possible cf the 
sammoniacal liquor and acid held in so- 
Jution,|as follows ; they take four casks or 
other vessels capable of holding one 
hundred aad thirty gations, and put into 
cach of them sixty gallons of the rough 
or iinpure tar 5/adding to each of them 
sixty gallonsof strong lime. water, and 
agitating them together by machinory or 
any other convenient moce, till the said 
Jime-water is, completely mixed. with 
the far..« The: yesselgvare jhew left-at 
rest for about six hours, when the tar 
Monthy Mas. No. 388. 
will be settled to the bottom, and the 
water may be drawn off. They then 
fillup the casks again with hot water 
pumped from the hot well of their steam- 
engine, and agitate as before. This 
operation of washing with hot water 
they repeat three times, suffering the 
tar to subside each time, and drawing 
off as before, allowing twelve honrs in- 
‘stead of six before they draw off the 
last. water, that the whole of the water 
niay have got to the surface, and that 
they may have little but pure tar at the 
bottom; but, as there will then be a 
small portion of water remain combined, 
which would cause the tar to crackle 
and fly about instead of burning freely, 
they have recourse to a farther process 
to divest itof this. For this purpose 
they have erected a still (similar to the 
stills used for distilling spirits of turpen- 
27, tine 
