470 
in pursuit of the fugitives, who were 
dragecd forward by the pashas of Arta 
and Tannina, 
The Turks sustained enormous losses 
every time, they presented. themselves 
before the barriers of Phocis. Thougha 
simultaneous itruption at several points 
answered to them better this year, on 
account ef their numerical superiority, 
they did not the less encumber with 
their corses the fields of Livadia. Sub- 
sequently, after surprizing Corinth with 
the assistance of several Austrian ves- 
sels, and believing themselves already 
masters of the Morea, they found an 
insurmounta}e barrier in the plains of 
Argos. Their lot was stil disgrace or 
destruction, . There it was that Nicetas 
and .Colocotroni immortalized. them- 
selves by the vigour of their resistance. 
There it was that Niketas, already 
named, for his disinterestedness, the 
Peloponnesian Aristides, was saluted by 
his soldiers with the surname of Turco- 
phagus. ‘These successes of the Greeks 
were. naturally followed by the fall of 
the proud Napoli di Romania, which 
was taken by assault by Capt. Staikos 
on the 30th of November. ‘Phe citadel 
ef Athens was in the hands of the 
Greeks since the middle of the year. 
With respect to maritime operations, 
he Greek vessels, as early as February, 
attacked, in the gulf of Lepanto, the 
Barbary fleet which bad succeeded in 
reinforcing the garrison of Patras; but 
whieh immediately ent its cables and 
put to sea.. Andreas Voco, of Hydra, 
a sexagenarian commander, on-board 
his brig, and Manoli Toumbasi on-board 
his corvette ihe Themistocles, showed 
on this occasion what courage and 
coolness can effect against superior 
force. Notwithstanding the great vio- 
lence of a contrary wind, the combat 
was maintained during three hours, 
under the incessant fire of five hostile 
frigates. Damaged by the frail artillery, 
and’ still more disconcerted by skilful 
manosuyres, the Turks reached Zante, 
and afterwards the opeu sea, where, 
assaulied by the fary of the elements, 
they lost the greater part of their vessels. 
The Greck ‘squadron then directed its 
course towards the coast of Albania, 
sure of capturing a division of the Turk- 
ish fleet; which had long since taken 
' post, or rather refuge, at Mourto ; but 
the Tonian governmcnt made a formal 
oppesiticn to this attempt, and facili- 
tated the escape of tue enemy. 
Meanwhile ihe most powerful fleet 
that Turkey bad sent to sea since the in- 
Political Affairs in November. 
[Dec. }, 
surrection, and at its head aheaexperi- 
enced sailor, the Capitan, Pasha, the 
second personage in. the empire, had 
just passed the Dardanelles.' In. front 
of the smoking ruins of Scio; and an 
eye-witness of those abominations which 
he favoured by order of his master, the 
haughty satrap was enjoying the con- 
sternation of the Archipelago, and 
revelling in that. anticipated feast of 
universal destruction of which he was so 
soon to partake, But asecret, uneasiness 
filled him at the same time with doubt ; 
aud seemed like a presentiment of: his 
fate which chained him to his.anchors. 
The ficets soon met,-and skill was 
again victorious over mere numbers, and 
massi's of men gave way before courage 
andenthusiasm. Suddenly the flag-ship 
was with its commander blown up. 
The shock of its destruction scattered 
alarm and disorder; the ardour of the 
Grecks was redoubled, and the, total 
rout of the Ottomans-was. the recom- 
pense of their valour. pidani 
Though scarcely recovered from» this 
catastrophe, the enemy presented himself 
before the gulph of Napoli, determined 
to throw provisions into the place. He 
endeavoured to break throng the Greck 
line, but was repulsed. Upon this be 
retired, and took refuge at "Fenedos, 
There he was overtaken. by Captain 
Canari of Psara. On the 13th of Nov. 
the Greeks set sail to brave the .new 
grand admiral and. his fleet; assailed 
them by fire-ships, and scattered, ship- 
wrecked on all sides, ils» remmant 
scarcely reached the Dardanelles. 
The second Congress of Greece was 
convoked on the 10th of April, 1823, at 
Astros. The ancient’ Bey of Maina, 
Mavromichali, was named president; 
and the first act_of the Congress was to 
appoint a Commission, composed . of 
seven members, charged with the, .revi- 
sion of the fundamental law of Epidau- 
rus. The Congress afterwards dissolyed 
ihe various local, Juntas. established on 
the Continent, and in the islands, and,all 
the provinces and islands at present de- 
pend immediately upon the General 
Government. : 
The Congress concluded its functions 
by the following 
; Declaration, 
The third year of our war of independ- 
ence is already begun; and oar enemy, 
vanquished wherever he has shown himself, 
has'from all his preparations reaped only a 
harvest of incessant ‘humiliations’ and 
losses. And whilst our victorious armies, 
nobly supporting by sea and Jand the inde- 
pendence 
