506 
over the people, that the papal autho- 
rity became, as it were, boundless, 
even im temporal concerns. | In fact, 
after the: Romans had banished \their 
last dake Basil, Pope Gregory dT. 
seized | on’ ‘the ‘civil government) of 
Rome ; and his successor, Gregory III. 
acted as a temporal sovereign, ‘ia’ his 
treaties with the Lombard kings. Ere 
long, the pontiffs began to arregate 
the right of absolving subjects from 
their allegiance, and thereby disposing 
of the crowns of kings. 
The humiliation or compliance of 
Christian kings was favourable to the 
establishment of the Inquisition. In 
the ‘times ensuing, which may be 
called the third epoch, all the natural 
sentiments of moderation and mild- 
ness gave way to the restless and 
intractable character of the popes and 
ecclesiastics. The Emperor Michael, 
ow his aseending the throne, renewed 
all the laws which condemned to 
death the Manichean heretics; laws 
which, according to the sentiments 
prevalent at the present peried, con- 
tained only what tended to cloud the 
intellect, to inflame the passions, and 
harass the human mind. The Abbot 
Theophanes, whose character. stood 
high for piety and learning, openly 
declared that burning heretics was 
consistent with the spirit of the Gos- 
pel. Some time after, Gothescalj'a 
religieux of the order of St. Benedict, 
published certain erroneous tenets on 
the subject of predestination. A coun- 
cil, composed of thirteen bishops and 
some abbots, assembled instantly, and 
condemned him to imprisonment, and 
to receive 100 lashes, at a public 
whipping. 
Inthe beginning of the eleventh 
century, certain. hexeties were disco- 
vered at Orleans, and in some other 
towns of France, that seemed: to pro- 
fess the doctrine of the: Manicheans. 
, Another council was presently assem- 
bled, which condemned. them. to be 
burnt.) ‘They were delivered over te 
the secular arm, and suffered accord- 
ingly. The court of Rome. made the 
prosecution of heretics meritorious ; 
and apostolical indulgences were grant- 
ed, in réeompence for zeal manifested 
in such a cause. 
. © (To be continued: ) 
—— 
To the Editor of the Monthly Magazine. 
SIR, 
CANNOT refrain from presenting, 
through the medium of your Ma- 
gazine, my grateful acknowledgmeuts, 
Mr. Langley on the High Value of Dr. Jones's Lexicon. 
[Jan. f, 
and my sincere congratulations, to 
the learned Dr. Jones, fur the impor- 
tant service, he has recently rendered 
to literature by his.valuable Lexicon. 
In this» humble. tribute, E,amj sure I 
shall be joined by every person that 
can properly appreciate. the) value of 
Grecian literature, or whom vexatious 
disappointment has taught to, lament 
the. ‘obstaeles? by which. its general 
diffusion has hitherto! been) so, such 
retarded. 
It is not amongst the least, of the 
numerous improvements and advan- 
tages of whieh. the» present,age, can 
boast, that the) absurd custom of teach- 
ing Greek through the:medium of the 
Latin language. is giving, way. to. a 
more simple and rational method, and 
that the difficulty of acquiring, an in- 
timate knowledge of a language so 
noble, so elegant, and. so important, is 
daily decreasing, through. the merito- 
rious assiduity of:some modern) lite- 
rary heroes. 
That the valuable life of Dr, Jones 
may be spared,:and that he, may be 
enabled to. prosecute his philological 
labours with ardour and success, is the 
prayer of many, and, amongst them, 
of l.. LANGLEY. 
Brampton Academy; Nove aes 
' 2 
To the Editor of the yobrieai Ny’ Mag gazine: 
SIR, 
S the Monthly Magazine has 
valways been distinguished by, its 
impartiality, 1 am confident, you, will 
do. me the justice to, insert. a few 
remarks on the critique .upen the 
recent edition of my first,set of Psalm 
and Hymn Tunes... "Phe writer of that 
article has certainly never been in the 
habit of frequenting country cburehes, 
where the place of an organ is supplied 
by an instrumeutal band, or he would 
have seen the propriety of what IL have 
said in my preface, about the perform- 
ance of tenor-parts as trebles, and 
vice versa. It is no unusual. thing, in 
country choirs, for the, principal. me- 
lody, or first treble, to be taken by 
men’s voices as a tenor part; while_ 
the parts which were designed by the 
composer for .tenor instruments, or 
voices, are played by flutes or clario- 
nets in the octave above, so that the 
harmony is completely inverted, aud 
the conseentive: fourths obangedy into. 
consecutive fifths. « ; ni 
With. the merits or demerits of the 
Hymns, quoted by the reviewer, I; 
have nothing to do, as they were 
published 
