1824.] 
The operation may take about three 
or four minutes, there being no other 
calculation’ required than the usual 
corrections for ¢ ip, refraction, &c. in 
the altitudes; and. the like for the 
declination from the Nautical Alma- 
nack to adaptit to the place of observa= 
tion, these; ‘being °reductions which 
must take placé wider any solution of 
the problem, whether by the calculated 
forms, or by instrument. 
To SamveEt Rowrnson; of Leeds, Cloth- 
dresser ; for. Improvements on a 
Machine for shearing and cropping 
- Woollen Cloth. 
his improvement on a machine for 
dressg and cropping woollen cloth 
consists. of a frame: supporting: a tra- 
velling carriage,;witl cutters moved 
by bands-and wheels ‘connected ‘to a 
steam -envine, or from’ any first mover. 
02 98) bi ; . 
~~ 
To Joun BArton, of Tufton-sireet, 
Westminster, engineer ; for Improve- 
" amnents of Steam=Engines. 
The principle of this patent is in 
saving the heat which is’ generally 
suffered to escape useless. Heé fixes a 
boiler whieh may have a flue through it 
to take the flame .and heat from. the 
cupola (which ds, done quick with the 
blast which is necessary to melt the 
iron); to this: he connects © another 
boiler-as ‘close ‘as he convenientiy can, 
with which ‘the’ cylinder and other 
working parts of the engine are con- 
nected, with a force-pump to supply 
water as it wastes by evaporation. 
Phe chief advautage is the doing two 
or three works by the heat originating 
from one firey, He also claims: some 
improvement in the steam-engine,—he 
uses ,the cock for reversing the steam 
with two, sides eut out, by which he 
ean reverse the steam by. turning. the 
cock about one-sixth round, by which 
the steam en. the piston is changed 
much quicker. He likewise uses the 
piston very short, and has holes castor 
drilled. nearly. through the piston 
between the screws which tighten the 
cap, to put in tallow when he packs the 
engine ;this tallow escapes by small 
holes. drilled. horizontally into the 
holes where the tallow is, so it keeps 
the packing greasy, and will wear 
much longer; and work much better, 
than the common way. He uses the 
cupola, with the boiler suspended, but 
the furnace performs as conveniently 
‘as without i; and, when in full opera- 
New Patents and Mechanical Inventions. 
531 
tion, raises steam above sulficient to 
work the engine in a more effectual 
manner than by the cominon mode. 
The steam is afterwards applied to the 
several cisterns, boilers, or vessels; 
from which he excludes as much as 
possible (when it can be advantage- 
ously done) the atmospheric. air, and 
produces avacuum. Thessaid cisterns, 
boilers, or vessels,:are connected by 
pipes and cocks, or: other) convenient 
and. suitable methods to condense or 
draw off the vapour... ‘He then opens:a 
communication ‘from: the hot tothe 
cold vessel, by which means he*brings 
thelatter to’a forward state of heat, at 
the same time that the vacuum’ of the 
former is partly effected ; recourse 
must be had to the main descending 
water-pipe, shown-on the right of the 
pans, by opening a communication 
from, the-cistern or vessel from: which 
you, wish to draw off the vapour, in 
order to complete the yvacuum.,This 
will be found a most. beneficial method 
of boiling ‘and: manufacturiag many 
articles, such as sugar, or any commo- 
dities that require high temperature to 
bring them to a boiling’ point,°as the 
ebullition is brought about ata much 
lower degree of heat, a considerable 
saving is effected in time and expense, 
the quality of the article is. retidered 
superior, aid there is no danger what- 
ever of injury in the process.” The 
principle‘has been applied with impor- 
tant advantage to a very considerable 
extent. “The lower cisterns or pans 
are shewn with double covers, and-the 
inside plates or cases, représcnted by 
the inner lines in the sides and tops, 
are perforated with small holes, de- 
signed for the vapour to pass, through, 
and to prevent the goods being drawn 
out by the vacuum and. boiling. he 
pipe for conyeying off the vapour o 
enters the top, cover.. The. various 
deep and thick flanges at the tops of 
the. cisterns or pans. are. intended. to 
connect the seyeral. pipes, cocks, &c. 
that may be required to be applied for 
the various purposes aud applications 
of these vessels, as well.as to strengthen 
them when it is necessary. The, pans 
can be made of any strong figure ; but 
an. intelligent engineer, with, the as- 
sistance of a practical person under- 
standing the nature of the business to 
which these improvements are applied, 
will readily perceive and adgpt the 
best form and shape without any diffi- 
culty whatever. 
To 
