eoduring hisown Reigna 
En Eeypteit was:agréed,,amongstyalli; 
the commanders of corps, to add a third 
above; the actual-qaantity of provisiviis, 
arms; clothing, and. other carticles:dis- 
tributed, imtheorders of the days“ Hence 
the author ofthe: Military.Sammary of 
the/campaign;of 1799, is surprised that, 
aceording,to the orders of the day issued 
ins dhat; army; it amounted to 40,000 
men, Whilst all the other authentic > in- 
formation he, could procure went: to 
prove that its ,eflective force was con- 
siderably below that number. In the 
reports of the eampaigus of Italy in 
1796,.1797,,.and ‘subsequent years,: ihe 
samenmeans, were used for conveying 
exiggeratcd ideas of the strength of the 
Vreneh. 
; LOSSES. | 
Tt would be easy.to prove, that, of all 
the powers in Hurope, France is that 
which has-suffered, the least losses since 
1800,; Spain, which. has: sustained so 
many defeats, has been a greater loser in 
proportion to, her population; let it be 
considered what Arragon alone sacri- 
ficed,atSatragossa. Phe levies of Austria, 
in 1800, destroyed at Hohcnlinden and 
Marengo; those of 1805, destroyed at 
Ulm and: Austerlilz ; those. of 1809 de- 
stroyed at Eckmuhl and-Wagram, were 
all disproportioned to her population. In 
these campaigns the French, armies had 
with them auumber of foreign troops—~ 
Bavyarians,»/ Wirtemburghers, Saxons, 
Poles; Ltalians, and Russians, who com- 
posed) One-half of ihe grand army: the 
otlier -half;,,undcr the Imperial eagle, 
was, to’ the extent of one-third, com- 
posed of Dutch, Belgians, inbabilants of 
the four departments of the Rhine, Pied- 
montese,'Geioese, Tuscans, Romans, and 
Swiss. Prussia lost her whole army, con- 
sisting of between 250,000 and 300,000 
men, in her first campaign of 1806. 
Our losses jin Russia were consider- 
able, but not such as people have ima- 
gined. Four, hundred , thousand: men 
passed the Vistula; but only 160,000 
went, beyond Sniolensko to march ion 
Moscow ; 240.000 remaining in reserve 
between the: Vistula, the Boristhenes, 
and the Dwina); that is to say, the corps 
of Marshals the Dnkesof Tanento, Reg~ 
gio, atid. Belluna, of Count Saint Cyr, 
Count Reynier, Prince Schwartzenburg ; 
Loison’s division at. W ilnay; Dombrows- 
ky’s at Borisow, Durntte’s.at Warsaw; 
Of these 400,000;:men, one-half, were 
Austrians,:-Prussians,, Saxons, Poles, 
Bayarians, Wirteiaburghors,. people) of 
Berg, and Baden, Hessians, W estpha- 
Jiaus, Mecklenburghers, Spaniards, [ta- 
629 
liavis, and.Neapolitans .:onesthirdjof tlic 
Impefial.army, (properly. soi callad, was 
composed.of Datchmen, Belgians, inha- 
bitants of the banks of thé Rhine, Piel, 
montese, Swiss, Genoese; "Lusceins,:Ro-!. 
mans, inhabitants: of the thirty-second 
military, division, Bremen, Hamburg} 
&ew It contaified scarcely:140,000-men 
who spoke the French language, <The 
campaign of 1812;in Rassiadid not.cost, 
the present. kingdom, of) Brane6 50,000), 
men. The Russian:army,/in its, cetteat, 
from Wilaa to Moscow, ahd inptherdit=,¢ 
ferent battles, Jost four times more thaw 
the French ; the burning of Moscow cost 
the lives of . 109,000! Russians; who; 
perished in the woods, of coldiantd svant;, 
finally, the Russian, army, :in :itsmarely, 
from Moscow to the Oder, was, also af-: 
feeied by the inclemency.of the weather. 
It amounted only to 60,000 men oniits 
return from Wilna; and at; Kalitseh not 
to 18,000 ; it may. be asserted,,thaton: 
calculating every thing, the, losses); of 
Russia in this campaign.were six times 
greater than those of medern Trance, 
The. losses which England/suffers,in 
India, and, the. West Lndies, and; those. 
she sustained in her-expeditions to Hol- 
land, Buenos, Ayres, Saint; Domingo, 
Egypt, Flushing, and, America, exceed, 
all that can be imagined. . The. generally, 
received opinion that, the) English, ane, 
sparing of their soldiers. is, absolutely, 
false; on the contrary, they are, very 
prodigal of their lives, constantly, .ex- 
posing them-in. hazardous expeditions, 
in assaults contrary to all) the rales. of, 
the art, and in most unhicalthy, colonies. 
It may be said that this: nation, pays, its 
purest blood for the trade, of the Indies. 
This may suffice to. explain, how, the 
population of France has inereased con; 
siderably since 1800.) Eanpty.deelama~ 
tions, propagated by maliceiordguorance,; 
made Europe belicve, in) 1514; hab there 
were neither men, cattle, agriculture,» 
nor money, left in P'ranee j ithat the,peo-, 
ple of that country were reduced, tothe | 
last degree of misery);\ that nobody, was 
to be. sven. in! ithe fields, bat. old men, 
women, and childyens:) Yet (France was, 
at that time: thertithest country, in, the 
universe, and: possessed more specie than 
all the rest of Harepe together, How 
ill do. such assertions, become, French 
olficersh) PY 
1.0 (MAINES! AND ST.,HILAIRE. 5 
At Essling) and, after that, battle, the 
Archduke did every thing that was, pro- 
per, ito ibe utmost of bis power, On that 
day fell Generais the Dukes of Monte- 
bello aud Saint-Lilaire, two herves who 
were 
