238 



EuG. Warming. 



nodes. The primary root remains throughout the whole hfe 

 of the plant, and can become very long. Kruuse records 

 the length as being 2 m, and Seignette almost 3 m. 



The shoots may most properly be called long shoots, and 

 have dose-set leaf-pairs, which do not cross each other at 

 right angles, but grow in such a manner that, for instance, 

 the 1st and the 4th leaf-pair stand perpendicularly above 

 each other. Only a few (usually 4 — 5) fresh leaf-pairs occur 



simultaneously on each 

 shoot, and these appar- 

 ently form a small ro- 

 sette at the end of the 

 stem which is usually 

 closely covered with old 

 leaves and fragments of 

 leaves (Fig. 3). The fresh 

 leaves are immediately 

 Fig. 3. Silène acaulis. succeeded by the soli- 



A, A branch (NorAvay). B, The apex of ^ary, terminal flower 

 a branch .seen from above ; the leaf-pairs, 

 following each other in succession, are v^^S* "^i -^J- 

 indicated by figures, and are, moreover. From the base of 



shaded in various ways. In the centre the tap-root, leaf-shoots 

 are seen two fresh, young foliage-leaves, ^ 



not yet unfolded (Iceland; H. Jonsson, proceed in all directions, 

 26. 3. 1894). C, A branch from northern which shoots are more 

 Sweden. (E.W.) . i , , 



or less branched, and 



are almost equal in height and are, moreover, almost 

 always densely crowded, so that a flattened, semi-globular 

 cushion is produced. Schröter (pp. 582 and 583) calls this 

 form "Flachpolster." The branching of the shoots in the 

 interior of the cushion is well-illustrated in Mrs. Thekla 

 Resvoll's Fig. 36, p. 144; a compact tuft is shown "opened" 

 and the branches are spread out. There are scarcely any of 

 the Arctic Caryophyllaceæ which are so typically pulvinate 



