284 EuG. Warming. 



hope was not realised. It is to be hoped that others may 

 be more fortunate in this respect, especially through expe- 

 riments they may make. 



I begin with the Alsineæ because I regard them as the 

 most original type of Caryophyllaceæ: since their flowers are 

 open and have polysepalous calyx and polypetalous corolla 

 which are for the most part complete in number in all the 

 whorls; can be visited by many kinds of insects; have many 

 ovules in the ovary; and are hypogynous. From this proto- 

 type there issue on the one side the Sileneæ^ the flowers of 

 which have gamosepalous calyx and are in a higher degree 

 adapted to pollination by special insects; and on the other 

 side, the Sclerantheæ^ with more or less reduced flowers. 



1. Cerastiuin arvense. L. 



Denmark. Gynodioecism; protandry. As the plant 

 is propagated by underground runners, large patches are 

 found covered with the one form only. The stigmatic papillæ 

 extend almost to the base of the styles. 



5 are distinctly >^ ?, 13 — lömmindiam., petals 10 — 

 11 mm long, while ? are 10 — 12 mm in diam., petals 7 — 8 mm 

 long. Highly protandrous with the ordinary process of de- 

 velopment; the cal.-anth. are the first to open, the cal.-st. 

 standing erect, then the cor.-anth., before the cal.-anth. are 

 emptied, and the cal.-st. bend backwards; ultimately, the 

 styles bend outwards, and the stigmatic papillæ grow out, 

 as a rule before the pollen has fallen out entirely. Self-polli- 

 nation may be able to take place. The anthers are usually 



1 For brevety's sake the mathematical signs indicating relations 

 of quantities are used. For the same reason the following abbre- 

 viations have been used: cal.-anth. for anthers opposite the 

 sepals, cal.-st. for stamens opposite the sepals, cor.-st. for stamens 

 opposite the petals, etc. 



