Caryophyllaceæ. 285 



placed transversely to the filaments, with the pollen lying 

 exposed on the side turned upwards (Fig. 26, a^) or even 

 entirely outwards. 



In Germany, according to A. Schultz, ? are not rare 

 and are often the only form to occur over entire tracts. I 

 do not know how frequent it is in Denmark. The anthers 

 are generally distinct and almost normal in form, but they 

 are white, transparent and empty. Sometimes a few (I have 

 seen 1 — 3) anthers are met with among the others which 

 are yellowish, dehiscent, and contain pollen-grains; the 

 latter appear, however, to be useless, only a few being round 

 and smooth, while the majority vary in size, are angular 

 and thick-walled, and are therefore distinctly abnormal. It 

 is also usual for such flowers to be somewhat larger (petals 

 9 — 10 mm) than those which are more decidedly female. In 

 the neighbourhood of Copenhagen there is a growth of Cera- 

 stium arvense in which the flowers vary between ^ and ? 

 and there fruit is sometimes set, but, as far as I have ob- 

 served, rarely. 



Greenland (about 67° N. lat.). ^. Protandrous. Petals 

 8 mm, cal. -St. 5 and cor.-st. 4^/3 mm. Ovary 2 mm. Conse- 

 quently, somewhat small-flowered, but other^^dse normal. 



2. Cerastium alpinum L. (Fig. 26). 



Almost as large-flowered as С arvense^ but has neverthe- 

 less a decidedly homogamous and self-pollinating flower, 

 which fact must undoubtedly be correlated with its northern 

 (Arctic) and its Alpine homes. In Greenland I observed that 

 the flowers after a tw^-days rain were somewhat more 

 drooping, and more closed than usual. 



West Greenland (as far as about 73° N. lat.). Gyno- 

 dioecism; Gynomonoecism. — - ^. Slight protandry with 

 xxxvn. 19 



