Caryophyllaceæ. 313 



Greenland, Iceland, Spitzbergen, Nova Zem- 

 bla, Norway and Denmark. I found the flower-biology 

 to be the same everywhere, because the many variations as 

 regards size which are found to occur in the flowers I must 

 regard as local, I have observed these variations to occur 

 in flowers from all countries without it having been pos- 

 sible for me to formulate any rule concerning this. 3 and $ 

 flowers are common everywhere, no doubt equally frequent, 

 while ^ flowers are rare, perhaps even very rare, and in this 

 North America differs markedly from Europe (see Hook, 

 et Benth. Genra pi.). 



Dioecism, polyoecism (^, o, $), monoecism; о and 5 

 are > $. 



(? (Fig. 37, A — D, F — H). At first the cal.-st. are more 

 erect, and in this position they open their anthers; after- 

 wards they bend backwards and become outspread; the cor.-st. 

 perform the same movements, but I do not think they 

 become so erect; the anthers do not turn. The cal.-st. have 

 very large and yellow, glistening glands (Fig. A, d^, Д^, etc.) 

 which evidently secrete honey (by the river Alten I saw a 

 Coccinella search for the honey). The variations in size are 

 very considerable (compare Fig. A, B^ С and D). The sepals 

 are 51/2 — 7 mm in length ; the diameter of the flower is as 

 much as 12^ — 13 mm; petals 3 — 5 mm long. But in addition 



Ehrh.; Halianthus Fr., and others), because the fleshiness of its 

 vegetative parts and of its calyx is an adaptation-character to a 

 saUne substratum; it has no fleshy disc in "the hollows of which 

 the stamens stand fixed," as several authors record, but simply 

 the same glands on the cal.-st. as the other Alsineæ have (Fig. 37, 

 d^). True, there remain the large seeds, the partially many- 

 chambered capsule, and the development of $ and also ^, but 

 as regards the kind of flower, in North America they are mostly 

 5, and the capsule character varies, many small seeds may occur, 

 and the dissepiments may disappear even during the flowering. 

 It can at most be referred to a sub-genus under Minuartia. 



