Liliales. 347 



having all been carried out upon arctic, living and alcohol 

 material, chiefly from Greenland, will therefore serve mostly 

 as a complement, especially with regard to the least known of 

 the species: T. coccinea. 



Occurrence in nature. Tofieldia palustris and T. coc- 

 cinea grow on moist spots among heath- and bog vegetation, 

 more rarely on fresh plantless moraines. They occur most 

 frequently here as firm cushions or cakes which are held 

 together by the vigorous secondary roots (Fig. 1, A). They 

 attain their highest development when growing among bog- 

 mosses. Here the leaves become longest, and the floral shoot 

 tallest, but on the other hand, the stalks are able to creep 

 better and more widely, and consequently we do not get 

 here as large and firm cakes as otherwise. The habitats are 

 covered by snow during winter. 



The shoots are short-jointed, flat, frequently erect, 

 more rarely, through want of space, obliquely ascending and, 

 in vigorous specimens, each shoot bears from 6- — 8 leaves. 

 During several years the shoot remains on a purely vegetative 

 stage until finally ending in an inflorescence. Some of them 

 remain on the vegetative stage. Structure of shoot cp. Fig. 1, 

 A—D. 



The leaves are all uniform, apart from a slight difference 

 in length, the lowermost being the smallest, evergreen, two- 

 rowed ensiform, equitant with a long sheath. Below the 

 green leaves some withered ones (often black-spotted by fungi) 

 are found, and at the base setaceous, vascular strands are 

 seated originating from older marcescent leaves. Scale-leaves 

 are not foimd. The lateral shoots are formed in the uppermost 

 axils of the leaves, normally only one or two are developed. 



