Preface. 



IN the present paper, partly on the basis of notes on the 

 subject found in previous pubHcations, and partly on 

 the basis of my own investigations, I have given a descrip- 

 tion of the ramification, shoot-structure, flower-biology and 

 anatomy of some Arctic and Subarctic Scrophulariaceae; in 

 addition to which, under each species, the geographical 

 distribution has been briefly mentioned, and, as far as the 

 literature on the subject rendered it possible, the nature of 

 the habitat. 



Besides the herbarium and alcohol material belonging 

 to the Botanical Museum of the University of Copenhagen, 

 I have, through the courtesy of Mrs. Thekla Resvoll, Dr. 

 phil., with respect to several of the species, had an opportunity 

 of investigating some excellently preserved material, collected 

 on the mountains of Norway. 



The subject-matter of the present paper was worked 

 out in the Plant-anatomical Laboratory of the University 

 of Copenhagen, and I wish to express my grateful and heart- 

 felt thanks to the Director, Professor C. Raunkiær, for his 

 advice and help during the work. 



The majority of the figures illustrating the structure of 

 the flowers, are drawn by Professor Warming, to whom also 

 my most sincere thanks are due, partly on account of the 

 interest he has taken in my work, and partly because he so 



