448 Fr. J. Mathiesen. 



have afterwards been studied by Silen, who writes: "Were 

 much- visited by humble-bees, which forced themselves into 

 the closed flowers, which were thereby torn open on the one 

 side, seen from the front, the right side, whereby the lobes 

 of the lower lip are bent outwards. After the visit of a 

 humble-bee, the flower cannot close again. The smaller 

 humble-bees penetrate entirely into the flowers, whilst the 

 stomach of the larger ones remains visible outside the flower," 



In flowers from Aursundsöen I found the lower lip to 

 be relatively somewhat longer than is figured by Warming; 

 the length of the style was, on the whole, the same as that 

 shown in Fig. 30, B. Many of the older flowers in the in- 

 florescences had been opened by the visits of insects. 



Geographical Distribution: Fennoscandia, Lapland, 

 Western and Northern Russia, Siberia as far eastward as 

 to the river Kolyma, Mantchooria and Japan. Besides this, 

 the species has an area of distribution in Central Europe 

 (Germany, with a southern limit in the Bavarian Alps); 

 here it is possibly a glacial relict (Kerner). 



According to Norman, in Northern Norway the species 

 grows in bogs, on boggy plains, on the coast and in willow 

 copses. 



Anatomy. The Root. The epidermis remains long 

 intact. The cells in the outermost layer of the cortex are 

 provided with a cuticularised lamella along the whole of 

 their circumference; between this exodermis and epidermis 

 there are no intercellular spaces, and such are wanting also 

 between the exodermis and the outermost layer but one of 

 the cortex; further inwards, the cortex becomes rather lacun- 

 ose. Starch occurs in the cortical cells. The endodermis is 

 a typical Casparian sheath. When the secondary growth in 

 the stele is completed, a small central group of vessels, cir- 

 cular in outline, is found to be developed. 



