Scrophulariaceae. 481 



I can add to the above that in older flowers the helmet 

 often appears to bend forward, as described by Kerner in 

 the case of P. Oederi. 



In the material at my disposal, both from West and 

 East Greenland, there were many fruiting specimens. That 

 it really is the rule for the stigma to be enclosed in the helmet, 

 is seen among other things, by the fact that Blytt in his 

 "Haandbog i Norges Flora" gives this as a specific character. 



Geographical Distribution: West and East Green- 

 land (rare in South-west Greenland according to Rosen- 

 viNGE, in East Greenland even as far north as Germania 

 Land according to Ostenfeld and Lundager), Iceland, Arc- 

 tic and Subarctic North America, Arctic Russia and the 

 mountainous regions of Northern Scandinavia. i 



As regards the habitat of P. flammea, many notes are 

 to be found scattered in the literature on the subject. A. 

 Cleve states that in the district of Northern Sweden in- 

 vestigated by her, it was found "nur auf den Moorhügeln 

 und in Sumpwiesen zusammen mit der vorigen (P. hirsuta), 

 welche diese Art nicht bis in die trockene Heide zu begleiten 

 vermag, ebensowenig wird sie auf dem N. Abhang oder in 

 der Nähe von spät schmelzendem Schnee gefunden." In 

 Northern Norway it is found, according to Norman, only 

 on the northern and on the indifferent (eastern and western) 

 sides of the mountains. In West Greenland it grows, accord- 

 ing to E. Warming, in willow-coppices where it may be said 

 to have its home, and also on herb-flats, on heaths (parasiti- 

 cally on Vaccinum uliginosum and Salix herbacea) and in 

 grassy bogs. PoRSiLD has also found it on slightly damp 

 moss-heaths. N. Hartz and Kruuse record it from East 

 Greenland as growing on herb-slopes and rocky flats, in 

 carpets of prostrate Betula nana and Vaccinium uliginosum^ 

 on knolls in bogs, and on damp heaths. According to Hartz 



