486 Fr. J. Mathiesen. 



The most fully developed buds are always found (Тн. 

 Resvoll) in the axils of the uppermost set of scale-leaves, 

 which are found to the number of 5 — 10 at the base of the 

 flower-bearing stem-portion. It is commonly the innermost 

 scale-leaves which subtend the innovation buds, and usually 

 only two such are found, more rarely several (as many as 7, 

 Th. Resvoll). During their first summer they develop 2 — 3 

 rather large fohage-leaves, often followed by 1 — 2 quite small 

 ones, and lastly bud-scales for the protection of the winter- 

 bud. The buds open almost at the same time as the flowers 

 of the main shoot. 



According to Th. Resvoll, the duration of the vegeta- 

 tive-stage of the lateral shoots may be restricted to one year 

 only; it is, however, longer, as a rule; for instance, on 

 Knutshö (Dovre) the said author found 4-year-old lateral 

 shoots, which had not as yet young floral organs in the 

 terminal bud. In several cases also I found a vegetative 

 stage of only one year's duration (among others in a specimen 

 from Nova Zembla), more frequently, however, 2 or 3 years. 



As the parent-rhizome dies away behind, and the lateral 

 shoots develop adventitious roots, there is a possibility of 

 vegetative propagation, although, of course, the plant cannot 

 spread much by this means. 



Schröter records this species from the Alps as occur- 

 ring parasitically especially on Carex firma. 



The structure and biology of the flower was first des- 

 cribed by Lindman; since that E. Warming and Kerner 

 have dealt with this species. Some unpublished drawings of 

 the flower have been kindly placed at my disposal by E. 

 Warming; the illustrations in Fig. 44, with the exception 

 of G and H, have been made after them. A is characterized 

 by its long corolla-tube, its densely-hairy calyx, (the hairs 

 have been indicated only along the edge of the calyx), 



