Scrophulariaceae. 497 



inflorescences; Bartschia and P. lapponica have in addition 

 coloured bracts. 



Forms with white corollas have been found in Veronica 

 alpina^ friiticans, P. hirsiita and lanata. 



Honey-secretion, either by a secretory ring around the 

 ovary {Veronica) or by protuberances at its base, has been 

 demonstrated in the majority of the species. Perfume is 

 present in P. lapponica^ siidetica, euphrasioides and lanata. 

 The species which have been investigated varied from homo- 

 gamous to slightly protogynous. 



In Veronica alpina and Euphrasia arctica self-pollination 

 is no doubt customary. 



In the Arctic regions self-pollination no doubt plays an 

 important part as regards the Pedicularis spp. since, accord- 

 ing to several investigators (Ekstam, Porsild, etc.), insect- 

 visitors are very scarce or even totally wanting there, and 

 in Spitzbergen, as mentioned by Aurivillius, and as has 

 since often been pointed out by others, none of the natural 

 pollinators of these flowers (humble-bees) are found; in spite 

 of this absence, P. hirsuta and lanata regularly set fruit there. 



When, as in P. flammea, the stigma is always included 

 in the helmet on account of the shortness of the style, cross- 

 pollination by insects seems to be impossible. In P. hirsuta 

 (no doubt frequently) and lanata (sometimes) the upper part 

 of the style can be found to be so strongly curved that the 

 stigma is pressed against the under-side of the anthers; per- 

 haps this is due to movement which has taken place during 

 a later stage in the flowering, so that originally cross-pollina- 

 tion has been possible; in the majority of the flowers of 

 P. lanata which Ьал^е been investigated, the stigma was 

 found to protrude slightly beyond the tip of the helmet, as 

 also in P. sudetica. In these three species the flowers are set 

 almost horizontally, and the stigma is therefore placed under 



