500 Fr. J. Mathiesen. 



certain circumstances this species may at times lead an 

 independent life, since M. Porsild remarks (1920, p. 142) 

 that he has found P. lanata growing "in gravelly barren, 

 far away from other plants"; where it occurs among other 

 plants, this species, also, has haustoria on its roots (1. c). 

 According to Volkart, in the Alps the Pedicularis spp. 

 do not appear to be very particular as regards host-plants. 

 From the Arctic regions Rosenvinge and Warming records 

 P. hirsuta and flammea as parasitic on Vaccinium uliginosum 

 and Salix herbacea; Hartz (1905, p. 219) writes that in East 

 Greenland P. lapponica "is closely connected with Betula, 

 and probably occurs parasitically on its roots." A rather 

 interesting circumstance connected with the present question 

 is recorded by Chr. Kruuse (1911, p. 61) from the district 

 of Angmagsalik. On some slopes facing north and cut into 

 terraces, where a rich vegetation of "espalier-shrubs" was 

 growing on the vertical sides of the terraces, he found the 

 platforms to be "covered with coarse gravel which bore at 

 great intervals (3 — 5 metres) wind-affected tufts of Salix 

 {Salix glaucay\ and in these tufts a Pedicularis {hirsuta or 

 flammea) always occurred. "Where the platforms consist of 

 sand, Salix herbacea is always predominant, and the latter 

 also, with its crooked branches 5 — 10 cm long, protects a 

 Pedicularis.'''' 



D. Anatomy. 



The Root. Both the species of Veronica have a thin- 

 walled, cuticularised exodermis ; V. fruticans has a peripheral 

 cork-formation in the root (as in the stem), whilst this is 

 lacking in V. alpina. In both species the primary cortex 

 persists a long time and, especially in V. fruticans, consists 

 of rather thick-walled cells; the original endodermal cells are 

 elongated during growth and undergo divisions by radial 



