ORTHOPTERA. 103 



a figure showing the difference in the size of the abdo- 

 men after each inspiratory and expiratory movement. 



The eyes are inconspicuous and the antennae very 

 long. The mouth parts are for biting, and are stout 

 and dark-colored, suitable for such an omnivorous 

 creature, which lives upon both vegetable and animal 

 food, which in some cases destroys clothing, and in 

 the tropics has even been known to nibble the toe- 

 nails of a sleeping person. The structure of the legs 

 is pecuhar. The coxa (not seen from above) is flat- 

 tened and pressed closely to the body, while the flat- 

 tened femur (PI. IV., Fig. 54, /r), tibia (/^), and 

 tarsus (//') are long and strong, enabling their pos- 

 sessor to run swiftly. The tarsus has five joints, and 

 at the extremity are two claws. 



The wings in the male (PI. IV., Fig. 54, w\ 7a") are 

 shorter than the abdomen. In the female the upper 

 wings (PL IV., Fig. 55, w') are small, and the lower 

 pair is wanting, although its remnant may be repre- 

 sented by the lateral portion of the metathorax, which 

 spreads outward and has the semblance of a wing. 



The female does not deposit her eggs in the earth 

 Hke the locust, but carries a sac about with her 

 attached to the abdomen. In this sac the eggs are 

 placed in two rows. It can be opened with a knife, 

 and the enclosed young shown with a magnifier. 

 This habit of forming a sac and carrying the eggs 

 and young is very interesting. The larvae, when 

 hatched, are white, and according to Riley are brooded 

 over by the mother. The larval cockroach (PI. IV., 

 Fig. 56) is wingless, and by the simplicity of its struc- 

 ture reminds one of Thysanura, 



